PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF EUPHEMISMS AND TABOO EXPRESSIONS IN BRUNO MARS’ 24K MAGIC ALBUM AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By YOHANES DAVID KURNIAWAN Student Number: 144214004 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2019 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF EUPHEMISMS AND TABOO EXPRESSIONS IN BRUNO MARS’ 24K MAGIC ALBUM AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By YOHANES DAVID KURNIAWAN Student Number: 144214004 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2019 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that, to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text of the undergraduate thesis Yogyakarta, January 16th 2020 Yohanes David Kurniawan v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma Nama : Yohanes David Kurniawan Nomor Mahasiswa : 144214004 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF EUPHEMISM AND TABOO EXPRESSIONS IN BRUNO MARS’ 24K MAGIC ALBUM Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin kepada saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencatumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal 16 Januari 2020 Yang menyatakan, Yohanes David Kurniawan vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI “To bring unfinished business into the grave is a sin” (Yohanes D.K, 2019) vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to give thanks to God for He always listens to my prayers. I also would like to thank my family for they always supports me in the best way they can so that I finally can finish this thesis. I would like to send my gratitude to my thesis advisor, Fransisca Kristanti, S.Pd., M.Hum., for her patience in guiding me in the right direction in the process of the creation of this research. I also feel grateful to my co-advisor, Dr. Fr. B. Alip, M.Pd., M.A. for criticizing this research so that it has been perfected even more. Last but not least, I would like to thank my close friends, Joe, Tasya, and Desma for every second we have spent, for every snack we have shared, for every place we have visited, and for the never-ending push until the last obstacle has passed over. With love Jojo viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ………………………………………………………..……… ii APPROVAL PAGE ………………………………………………..……….. iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ……………………………………………….......... iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ………………………………………. v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ........................................................................................................... vi MOTTO PAGE …………………………………………………………….. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………………….. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………… .. ix LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………......... xii ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………........ xiii ABSTRAK ....…..……………………………...……………………............... xiv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 1 A. Background of the Study …………………………………………….. 1 B. Problem Formulation ………………………………………..………. 4 C. Objective of the Study …………………………………………..…… 4 D. Definition of Terms ………………………………………………….. 4 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ……………………………. 5 A. Review of Related Studies …………………………………………... 5 B. Review of Related Theories …………………………………………. 8 1. Sociolinguistics …………………………………………………. 8 2. Taboo Expressions and Euphemisms in Western Society …….... 9 3. Taboo Expressions ……………………………………………… 10 a. Types of Taboo Expressions ………………………………… 10 b. Functions of Taboo Expressions …………………………….. 13 4. Euphemisms …………………………………………………...... 15 a. Types of Euphemisms ……………………………………….. 16 b. Functions of Euphemisms …………………………………… 19 5. Intersections of Taboo Expressions and Euphemisms Types….... 22 a. Sex Euphemisms and Vulgarity ……………………………... 22 b. Professions Euphemisms and Vulgarity …………………….. 23 c. Exclusive Characteristics ……………………………....…..... 23 6. Intersections of Taboo Expressions and Euphemisms Functions……………………………………………………….... 24 a. Endearing and Persuading ………………………………….. 24 b. Endearing and Covering …………………………………… 25 c. Creating Attention and Taboo Function ……………………... 25 d. Stating Contempt and Taboo Function ……………………… 25 e. Exclusive Characteristics …………………………………..... 25 C. Theoretical Framework ………………….…………………………... 26 ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ………………….…………………… 28 A. Object of the Study ………………………………………………….. 28 B. Approach of the Study ………………………………………………. 29 C. Method of the Study ………………………………………………… 30 1. Data Collection …………………………………………………. 30 2. Data Analysis …………………………………………………… 31 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS (RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS) ………... 32 A. Types of Taboo Expressions and Euphemisms in Bruno Mars 24k Magic Album …………………………………………................ 32 1. Types of Taboo Expressions in Bruno Mars 24k Magic Album …………………………………………………………... 33 a. Profanity ………………………..………………….………… 33 b. Obscenity ……………………………….……….................... 34 c. Vulgarity …………………...............................................…... 36 d. Epithets ……………………………………............................. 37 2. Types of Euphemisms in Bruno Mars 24k Magic Album …….. 37 a. Sex Euphemism …………………………….…...…….……... 38 b. Profession Euphemism ………………..……………............... 40 c. Crime Euphemism ………........................................................ 41 3. Intersection of Characteristics of Taboo Expression and Euphemism in Bruno Mars 24k Magic album songs …....……… 42 a. Characteristics of Inciting Lust in Sex Euphemism and Vulgarity ………………………………………………… 43 b. Characteristics of Appearance in Sex Euphemism and Vulgarity ………………………………...………………....... 43 c. Characteristics of Offensive and Insults in Profession Euphemism and Vulgarity …………………………………… 44 d. Characteristics of Sexual in Obscenity and Sex Category …... 45 B. Functions of Taboo Expressions and Euphemisms in Bruno Mars 24k Magic Album …………………..…………………………. 46 1. Functions of Taboo Expressions in Bruno Mars 24k Magic Album…………………………………………………………… 48 a. Creating Attention …………………………………………… 48 b. Endearing ………………………………………………….. 51 c. Stating Contempt …………………………………………….. 52 2. Functions of Euphemisms in Bruno Mars 24k Magic Album ….. 53 a. Covering Function ……………..…………………………...... 54 b. Taboo Function …………........................................................ 55 c. Persuading Function ………………………….....………….... 56 3. Intersection of Functions of Euphemism and Taboo Expression in Bruno Mars 24k Magic Album ……………………………... 56 a. Characteristics of Praise and Persuading in Endearing and Persuading Functions …………………………..……………. 57 b. Characteristics of Insults in State Contempt and Taboo Function ………………..……………………………………. 58 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI c. Characteristics of Praise in Stating Contempt and Taboo Function …………………..…………………………………. 58 d. Characteristics of Taboo Content, Praise, and Affection in Endearing and Taboo Function ……………………………. 59 e. Characteristics of Praise and Information Hiding in Endearing and Covering Function ……………………...……………...... 60 f. Characteristics of Taboo Content and Feedback in Creating Attention and Taboo Function ………………………….....… 61 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ……………………...……………………. 63 REFERENCES …………………………………………………………….. 66 APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………… 68 Appendix 1. Song Lyrics in 24k Magic Album by Bruno Mars ………... 68 Appendix 2. Data Analysis Tables ……………………………………... 90 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LIST OF TABLES No. Table Page 1. Distribution of euphemism and taboo expression found in 32 24k Magic Album 2. Taboo Expressions Types Categorization 33 3. Euphemism Types Categorization 38 4. Intersections of Taboo Expressions and Euphemisms with 46 Taboo Function Categorization 5. Intersection of Euphemism and Taboo Expressions with 47 Euphemism Function Categorization 6. Taboo Expression Function Categorization 48 7. Euphemism Function Categorization 53 xii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT DAVID, YOHANES KURNIAWAN (2019). A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF EUPHEMISM AND TABOO EXPRESSIONS IN BRUNO MARS’ 24K MAGIC ALBUM. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. The use of taboo expressions can cause unpleasant feelings toward the listener and is considered as an impolite action by the society. Therefore, euphemisms are coined to substitute the expressions considered