Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Sistemas de Telecomunicación CONTRIBUTION TO THE DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF SEMANTIC MIDDLEWARE ARCHITECTURES FOR THE SMART GRID DOCTORAL THESIS Jesús Rodríguez Molina Master in Systems and Services Engineering for the Information Society 2017 Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías de Software y Sistemas Multimedia para la Sostenibilidad Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Sistemas de Telecomunicación CONTRIBUTION TO THE DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF SEMANTIC MIDDLEWARE ARCHITECTURES FOR THE SMART GRID DOCTORAL THESIS Jesús Rodríguez Molina Master in Systems and Services Engineering for the Information Society Supervisor: Prof. PhD. José-Fernán Martínez Ortega Universidad Politécnica de Madrid 2017 DOCTORADO EN INGENIERÍA DE SISTEMAS Y SERVICIOS PARA LA SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN Tesis Doctoral Contribution to the design, implementation and Título standardization of semantic middleware architectures for the Smart Grid Autor Jesús Rodríguez Molina Director Dr. José-Fernán Martínez Ortega VoBo. Tribunal Presidente Secretario Vocal 1º Vocal 2º Vocal 3º Suplente Suplente Lugar y fecha E.T.S.I. y Sistemas de Telecomunicación (U.P.M.) de lectura Calificación Fecha de lectura El Presidente El secretario Los vocales Tesis Doctoral para la obtención del título de Doctor por la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid 2017 A happy life is impossible; the best a man can attain is a heroic life, such as is lived by one who struggles against overwhelming odds in some way and some affair that will benefit the whole of mankind, and who in the end triumphs, although he obtains a poor reward or none at all Arthur Schopenhauer You promised me Mars colonies. Instead, I got Facebook Buzz Aldrin Now I must go to war. We must all believe we have a future. We must fight for those who aren't even born yet! Terra Branford Table of contents List of figures ................................................................................................................ v List of tables ................................................................................................................ ix Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................ xi Abstract ...................................................................................................................... xiii Resumen .................................................................................................................... xv 1. Introduction and objectives .................................................................................... 1 1.1. Motivation ....................................................................................................... 3 1.2. Objectives ....................................................................................................... 8 1.3. Thesis framework and background ............................................................... 12 1.4. Dissertation outline ....................................................................................... 13 2. State of the art ..................................................................................................... 15 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 17 2.2. State of the art in middleware architectures for the Smart Grid ..................... 18 2.2.1. Service availability ................................................................................. 20 2.2.2. Computational capabilities of deployment hardware .............................. 21 2.2.3. Coupling level ........................................................................................ 22 2.2.4. Middleware distribution .......................................................................... 23 2.2.5. Taxonomy for middleware in distributed systems ................................... 24 2.2.6. GridStat ................................................................................................. 26 2.2.7. Service-Oriented Middleware for Smart Grid.......................................... 28 2.2.8. Ubiquitous Sensor Network Middleware (USN) ...................................... 30 2.2.9. OSHNet (Object-Based Middleware for Smart Home Network) ............. 32 2.2.10. Meter Data Integration (MDI) ................................................................. 34 2.2.11. IEC 61850 and DPWS Integration ......................................................... 36 2.2.12. Intelligent Agents Platform ..................................................................... 38 2.2.13. Self-Organizing Smart Grid Services ..................................................... 40 2.2.14. Secure Decentralized Data-Centric Information Infrastructure ............... 42 2.2.15. A cloud optimization perspective ............................................................ 44 2.2.16. KT Smart Grid Architecture and Open Platform ..................................... 46 2.2.17. Smart microgrid monitoring with DDS .................................................... 48 2.2.18. ETSI M2M ............................................................................................. 51 2.2.19. Smart Middleware Device for Smart Grid Integration ............................. 53 2.2.20. WAMPAC-based Smart Grid communications ....................................... 55 i 2.2.21. C-DAX ................................................................................................... 57 2.2.22. Building as a Service (BaaS) ................................................................. 59 2.2.23. Middleware-based management for the Smart Grid ............................... 61 2.2.24. OpenNode Smart Grid architecture ........................................................ 63 2.2.25. DIRECTOR ............................................................................................ 65 2.2.26. DDS interoperability for the Smart Grid .................................................. 67 2.3. State of the art in Enterprise Service Bus solutions....................................... 70 2.3.1. OpenESB .............................................................................................. 72 2.3.2. WSO2 ESB ............................................................................................ 74 2.3.3. JBoss Fuse ............................................................................................ 75 2.3.4. Apache ServiceMix ................................................................................ 77 2.3.5. Petals ESB ............................................................................................ 78 2.3.6. Mule ESB .............................................................................................. 81 2.3.7. Talend ESB ........................................................................................... 82 2.3.8. Zato ESB ............................................................................................... 83 2.4. Open issues and challenges ......................................................................... 85 2.5. Section summary .......................................................................................... 86 3. Proposal for a Common Middleware Architecture ................................................ 89 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 91 3.2. Common Middleware Architecture: purpose and scope ................................ 92 3.3. Computational analysis ................................................................................. 96 3.3.1. Functional requirements ........................................................................ 97 3.3.2. Subsystem diagram ............................................................................. 103 3.3.3. Component diagrams .......................................................................... 104 3.3.4. Use case diagram ................................................................................ 106 3.3.5. State diagrams .................................................................................... 130 3.3.6. Activity diagrams ................................................................................. 133 3.3.7. Deployment diagram ............................................................................ 135 3.4. Architecture Description for ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 ....................................... 136 3.4.1. Identifying information .......................................................................... 137 3.4.2. Supplementary information .................................................................. 137 3.4.3. Other information ................................................................................. 137 3.4.4. Overview ............................................................................................. 138 3.4.5. Architecture evaluations ...................................................................... 139 3.4.6. Rationale for key decisions .................................................................. 139 ii 3.4.7. Stakeholders, concerns and concern–stakeholder traceability ............. 139 3.4.8. Viewpoint names ................................................................................. 142 3.4.9. Overview for viewpoints ......................................................................