ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS) FOR METRO MANILA SUBWAY PROJECT (MMSP) (Phase 1) VOLUME I MAIN REPORT SEPTEMBER 2017 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (DOTr) Metro Manila Subway Project i of xxvi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................. vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................... viii PROJECT FACT SHEET ............................................................................................................................. xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... xii 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1. PROJECT LOCATION AND AREA ............................................................................................. 1 1.1.1. Alignment .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2. Description of Impact Areas .................................................................................................. 3 1.2. PROJECT RATIONALE / BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT ..................................................... 10 1.3. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................................................... 11 1.3.1. Without Project Option ....................................................................................................... 11 1.3.2. Route Alternative Options, Depot Location and Station Structure ..................................... 12 1.4. PROJECT COMPONENTS ...................................................................................................... 20 1.5. PROCESS / TECHNOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 27 1.5.1. General Layout..................................................................................................................... 27 1.5.2. General Description of Pollution Control Devices and Waste Management System.......... 29 1.6. PROJECT SIZE ....................................................................................................................... 29 1.7. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT PHASES .............................................................................. 30 1.7.1. Pre-Construction Phase ....................................................................................................... 30 1.7.2. Construction Phase .............................................................................................................. 31 1.7.3. Operational Phase ............................................................................................................... 34 1.7.4. Abandonment Phase ........................................................................................................... 36 1.8. MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................. 36 1.9. PROJECT COST ...................................................................................................................... 37 2. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION........ 39 2.1. THE LAND ............................................................................................................................. 39 2.1.1. Baseline Environmental Conditions ..................................................................................... 39 2.1.1.1. Land Use and Classification ................................................................................................. 39 2.1.1.2. Geology and Geomorphology .............................................................................................. 52 2.1.1.3. Pedology .............................................................................................................................. 66 2.1.1.4. Terrestrial Ecology ............................................................................................................... 67 2.1.2. Impact Identification, Prediction and Assessment, and Mitigation .................................... 75 2.2. THE WATER .......................................................................................................................... 92 2.2.1. Baseline Environmental Conditions ..................................................................................... 92 2.2.1.1. Hydrology ............................................................................................................................. 92 2.2.1.2. Water Quality ...................................................................................................................... 98 2.2.1.3. Groundwater ..................................................................................................................... 104 2.2.2. Impact Identification, Assessment and Mitigation ............................................................ 107 2.3. THE AIR .............................................................................................................................. 114 Metro Manila Subway Project ii of xxvi 2.3.1. Baseline Environmental Conditions ................................................................................... 114 2.3.1.1. Meteorology ...................................................................................................................... 114 2.3.1.2. Ambient Air Quality ........................................................................................................... 121 2.3.1.3. Noise Level ......................................................................................................................... 127 2.3.1.4. Ground Vibration Level ...................................................................................................... 130 2.3.2. Impact Identification, Assessment and Mitigation ............................................................ 132 2.4. THE PEOPLE........................................................................................................................ 145 2.4.1. Socio-economic profile ...................................................................................................... 145 2.4.1.1. Demography ...................................................................................................................... 146 2.4.1.2. Local economy ................................................................................................................... 146 2.4.1.3. Service Utilities .................................................................................................................. 147 2.4.1.4. Transport networks ........................................................................................................... 148 2.4.1.5. Cultural/ historical sites ..................................................................................................... 149 2.4.2. Impact Identification, Assessment and Mitigation ............................................................ 152 3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................................... 167 3.1. Impacts Management Plan ................................................................................................ 167 4. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND POLICY GUIDELINES ........................................................................................................................ 186 4.1. Environmental Risk Assessment ........................................................................................ 186 4.2. Emergency Response Policy and Guidelines ..................................................................... 189 5. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND IC FRAMEWORK ......................................................... 196 5.1. Social Development Plan ................................................................................................... 196 5.2. Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Plan .................................................... 202 6. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE MONITORING ................................................................ 207 6.1. Self-Monitoring Plan .......................................................................................................... 207 6.2. Multi-partite Monitoring Team ......................................................................................... 217 6.3. Environmental Monitoring and Guarantee Fund Commitment ........................................ 217 7. DECOMMISIONING/ABANDONMENT/REHABILITATION POLICY....................................... 220 8. INSTITUTIONAL PLAN FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION ......................................................... 222 9. REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 225 Metro Manila Subway Project iii of xxvi LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Barangays in the Direct and Indirect Impact Areas of MMSP ......................................... 5 Table 2. Comparison of Alternatives