Increasing Resilience of Coastal Areas and Community Settlements to Climate Change in Tuvalu Government of Tuvalu United Nations Development Programme PIMS No. 4163 Increasing Resilience of Coastal Areas and Community Settlements to Climate Change in Tuvalu Brief description Tuvalu is experiencing increasing climate change-induced damage to human and economic development, with adverse effects already experienced by its small and dispersed communities living in highly vulnerable, low-lying atoll islands. There is a high risk of further climate-change related damage including irreversible loss of habitable areas of the country. Tuvalu’s natural resource base and livelihood opportunities of its communities are seriously undermined by the combined effects of sea-level rise, increased frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones, rapidly progressing coastal erosion, increasing crop damage, and reductions of fresh water supply. Through this initiative, the Government of Tuvalu aims to strengthen institutional capacities to identify and address climate change-driven events that systematically increase the vulnerability of island communities. LDCF resources will be used to to increase the protection of livelihoods in island communities from dynamic climate-related damage in all islands (Funafuti, Nanumaea, Nanumaga, Niulakita, Niutao, Nui, Nukufetau, Nukulaelae, and Vaitupu), based on the following closely interrelated components: a. Increasing institutional capacity at all levels of public administration, island kaupules and communities, with policy support to plan for and respond/adapt to climate change-related damage: Integrating climate resilience into coastal management, public works, agriculture and water sector policies and plans including the Te Kakeega II (National Development Plan), with corresponding public sector budgets and asset management plans Training for government officials on policy, budgeting, and planning needs to cope with climate change and awareness-raising for households in vulnerable communities on effective community-based adaptation responses to ensure that adaptation is adequately resourced and supported by government and effectively implemented by communities Strengthening climate change coordination among key line ministries by establishing a National Climate Change Advisory Board b. Implementing community-based adaptation measures Technical Assessments of each island (coastal erosion dynamics in the context of climate change, identification and adaptation of feasible techniques for coastal protection including tree-planting and ‘soft’ technologies, salt- and drought-tolerant crop production linked with water conservation measures, etc.) At the island and community levels, integration of climate change into the Island Development Plans, through comprehensive adaptation plans and targeted training Implementation of community-based adaptation demonstration projects for climate-resilient coastal protection, crop production and water resources use in each island c. Knowledge capturing, management, and dissemination Systematic documentation, analysis and applying of lessons learnt from the policy processes, technical assessments and adaptation plans, community engagement and especially the application of demonstration adaptation measures in all islands of Tuvalu to the planning and implementation of additional adaptation projects to counter the increasingly damaging effects of climate change. This initiative will be implemented through the active engagement of all relevant line ministries and departments (Environment, Home Affairs, Agriculture, Fisheries, Finance and Public Works), ensuring cross-sectoral coordination throughout the policy-making, capacity building and implementation activities. The community-level implementation will be delivered through the engagement of island Kaupules, and with the support of national NGOs (such as TANGO and the National Council of Women). The involvement of CROP agencies (such as SOPAC, SPC) will provide regional expertise on the technical aspects of the initiative. 1 Increasing Resilience of Coastal Areas and Community Settlements to Climate Change in Tuvalu Table of Contents ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................................................... 3 SECTION I: ELABORATION OF THE NARRATIVE ..................................................................................... 5 PART I: SITUATION ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Problem Statement ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Root Causes of the Vulnerability and Barriers to Climate Resilience .................................................................... 6 Normative Situation .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Outcomes/Outputs................................................................................................................................................ 9 Context ................................................................................................................................................................ 10 PART II: STRATEGY ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 Country Ownership: Country Eligibility and Country Driven-ness ....................................................................... 21 Project Goal, Objectives, Outcomes, and Outputs/Activities .............................................................................. 24 PART III: MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................... 35 PART IV: MONITORING AND EVALUATION PLAN AND BUDGET ............................................................................................. 39 PART V: LEGAL CONTEXT .............................................................................................................................................. 46 SECTION II: STRATEGIC RESULTS FRAMEWORK (SRF) AND GEF INCREMENT ............................ 48 PART I: STRATEGIC RESULTS FRAMEWORK (SRF, FORMERLY GEF LOGICAL FRAMEWORK) ......................................................... 48 PART II: ADDITIONAL COST ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................................. 61 Project Background ............................................................................................................................................. 61 Additional Cost Assessment ................................................................................................................................ 61 SECTION III: TOTAL BUDGET AND WORKPLAN ..................................................................................... 66 TABLE 6: TOTAL BUDGET AND WORK PLAN ....................................................................................................................... 67 PART I: FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................... 76 PART II: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR KEY PROJECT GROUPS, STAFF, AND SUB-CONTRACTS ......................................................... 77 A. National Climate Change Advisory Board (NCCAB) ........................................................................................ 77 B. National Project Manager (NPM) ................................................................................................................... 78 C. Project Coordinator ......................................................................................................................................... 79 D. Community Organizers ................................................................................................................................... 80 E. CZM Experts (1 international, 1 local) ............................................................................................................. 82 F. Climate Change Adaptation Expert ................................................................................................................. 83 G. Capacity Building Expert ................................................................................................................................. 83 H. Local Environment Committees/Kaupules ...................................................................................................... 85 I. Office Administrative Assistant ........................................................................................................................ 85 J. Office Attendant .............................................................................................................................................. 86 K. Works Supervisor ............................................................................................................................................ 86 L. Local Climate Change Adaptation Expert ........................................................................................................ 87 M. Monitoring