Starlight 8 WB GramBk_Starlight 8 WB GramBk 19/02/2014 4:36 ΜΜ Page 88 Grammar Bank 1 Present Simple INTERROGATIVE Form Am I eating? Is he/she/it eating? Are you eating? Are we/you/they eating? I/You/We/They run. AFFIRMATIVE He/She/It runs. SHORT ANSWERS I/You/We/They do not/don’t run. Yes, I am. No, I’m not. NEGATIVE He/She/It does not/doesn’t run. Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Do I/you/we/they run? Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it isn’t. INTERROGATIVE Does he/she/it run? Yes, we/you/they are. No, we/you/they aren’t. Yes, I/you/we/they do. Spelling of the present participle Yes, he/she/it does. SHORT ñ Most verbs take -ing after the base form of the main ANSWERS No, I/you/we/they don’t. verb. ask – asking, spend – spending No, he/she/it doesn’t. ñ Verbs ending in -e drop the -e and take -ing. wake – waking, dance – dancing Spelling (3rd-person singular affirmative) ñ Verbs ending in vowel + consonant and which are ñ Most verbs take -s in the 3rd-person singular. stressed on the last syllable, double the consonant and I sit – She sits take -ing. stop – stopping, regret – regretting BUT happen – ñ Verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x or -o take -es. happening (stress on 1st syllable) I pass – he passes, I wash – he washes, I teach – he teaches, I fix – he fixes, I do – he does Use ñ Verbs ending in consonant + y drop the -y and take -ies. We use the present continuous for: I fly – he flies ñ actions happening now, at the moment of speaking ñ Verbs ending in vowel + y take -s. I say – he says Tim is swimming right now. ñ actions happening around the time of speaking. Use They are painting their house these days. We use the present simple for: ñ fixed arrangements in the near future, especially when ñ daily routines/repeated actions (especially with adverbs we know the time and the place. of frequency: often, usually, always, etc) Ben is having a party on Saturday. She starts work at 9 am. ñ temporary situations. ñ habits. They always do their shopping on Friday. Patty is working at her uncle’s shop this summer. ñ permanent states. He works as a teacher. ñ changing or developing situations. ñ timetables/schedules (present/future meaning). He is getting better at tennis. The museum opens at 10 am. ñ frequently repeated actions with always, constantly, o ñ general truths and laws of nature. Water boils at 100 C. continually to express annoyance or criticism. ñ reviews/sports commentaries/narrations He’s always forgetting to bring his wallet. The young actor gives an excellent performance in Cats. Note: The following verbs do not usually have a ñTimereviews/sports expressions commentaries/narrations.used with the present simple : every continuous form: have (= possess), like, love, hate, day/month/hour/summer/morning/evening,T he young actor gives an excellent performance etc, usually, in Cats. often, want, know, remember, forget, understand, think, sometimes, always etc, on Sundays/Tuesdays, etc. believe, cost, etc. I want to ask you something. Time expressions used with the present continuous: Adverbs of frequency now, at the moment, at present, nowadays, these days, ñ Adverbs of frequency tell us how often sth happens. today, tomorrow, next month, etc. These are: always (100%), usually (75%), often (50%), sometimes (25%), never (0%). ñ Adverbs of frequency go before the main verb but Present Simple vs Present Continuous after the auxiliary verbs be, have, do and modals such as will, may, etc. He usually sleeps early on Sundays. PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS They are usually at work at this time of day. timetables future arrangements The film starts at 6. I’m going out on Sunday. Present Continuous permanent states & temporary situations Form: verb to be (am/is/are) + main verb -ing facts He’s working from home this week. They live in the country. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE habits/routines actions happening now/ I’m eating. I’m not eating. He goes jogging every around the time of speaking You’re eating. You aren’t eating. morning. She’s sleeping at the moment. He/She/It’s eating. He/She/It isn’t eating. We/You/They’re eating. We/You/They aren’t eating. 88 Starlight 8 WB GramBk_Starlight 8 WB GramBk 19/02/2014 4:36 ΜΜ Page 89 1 Grammar Bank Stative Verbs Present Simple – Present Stative verbs are verbs which describe a state rather than Continuous an action, and do not usually have a continuous form. These are: 1 Put the verbs in brackets into the present ñ verbs of the senses (appear, feel, hear, look, see, smell, simple or the present continuous, then match sound, taste, etc). the sentences to the correct description. This jumper feels soft. ñ verbs of perception (believe, forget, know, understand, etc). 1 F Gabriel watches (watch) the 8 o’clock news I don’t understand what the problem is. every evening. ñ verbs which express feelings and emotions (desire, 2 enjoy, hate, like, love, prefer, want, etc). The brave man ........................ (jump) into I like swimming. the fire and ..................... (save) the child. ñ other verbs: belong, contain, cost, fit, have, keep, need, 3 The storm ............................. (grow) more owe, own, etc. violent by the minute. She owes me í25. 4 When a volcano ............................ (erupt), Some of these verbs can be used in continuous tenses, but lava ....................... (flow) out of its crater. with a difference in meaning. 5 That gash in your leg ................................. PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS (bleed) too much; it needs stitches. I think he’s lying. (= believe) I am thinking of moving. 6 What time ................... (Sportsline/start)? (= considering) 7 Chris .................................. (eat) chocolate He has a sports car. I am having dinner. (= eating) when he’s nervous. (= owns, possesses) She is having a break. (= taking) 8 Why .................................................. (you/ I can see the river from my He’s seeing a new client tomorrow. always/call) us so late at night? room. (= it is visible) (= meeting) 9 I see what your point is. Experts ................................... (fly) in later (= understand) today to assess the extent of the damage. This tea tastes very sweet. Tom is tasting the sauce to see if it 10 Paul ......................................... (not/work) (= it is/has the flavour of) has enough pepper. (= trying) this week; he’s on holiday leave. These flowers smell nice. The cat is smelling its food. 11 People who ....................... (live) in coastal (= have the aroma) (= sniffing) areas are most at risk when a tsunami hits. You appear to be angry. Liz is appearing in New York this 12 Jamieson ............................ (pass) the ball (= seem) week. (= performing) to Harris, who ............................... (shoot) Note: The verb enjoy can be used in continuous tenses to the winning 3-point basket for his team. express a specific preference. I really enjoy eating out. (general preference) BUT A expressing annoyance for a frequently repeated I’m enjoying a nice dinner at home. (specific preference) action The verbs look (when we refer to somebody’s B a general truth or law of nature appearance), feel (when we experience a particular C timetable or schedule emotion), hurt and ache can be used in simple or continuous tenses with no difference in meaning. D action happening at or around the moment of Beth looks very elegant tonight. = Beth is looking very speaking elegant tonight. E temporary situation F daily routine G fixed arrangement in the near future H permanent state I changing or developing situation J sports commentary K habit L narration 89 Starlight 8 WB GramBk_Starlight 8 WB GramBk 19/02/2014 4:36 ΜΜ Page 90 Grammar Bank 1 2 Tick (✓) the appropriate gap to show the 4 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct correct position of the adverb of frequency. form of the present simple or the present continuous. 1 ….. Patrick ✓ checks the weather forecast before he goes sailing. (always) 2 The people of New Orleans ….. will ….. forget the tragedy that the 2005 hurricane brought to Dear Diary, their homes. (never) It’s my second day in 3 Sitcoms ….. are ….. very entertaining ….. Departamento de Yoro in the Honduras, and something (often) really bizarre 1) is happening 4 Linda ….. thinks ….. back to the time she got (happen) right now. Hundreds lost in the mountains. (sometimes) of fish 2) …...................……. 5 Our science teacher ….. says that tornadoes (fall) from the sky! I 3) ….......................……. (not/believe) don’t ….. last for more than an hour. (usually) what I 4) …...........................……. (look) at! I know this event 6 Does ….. Mary ….. record her favourite sitcom 5) …..........................……. (occur) in the area every summer, but witnessing the actual thing is something else. What I can …..? (always) 6) ….............................……. (see) from my window is totally awesome! Some people 7) ….......................……. (run) to take 3 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct cover, while others 8) …........................……. (collect) fish for form of the present simple or the present the evening’s meal. The children 9) …...................……. (seem) to be having the most fun, though. They 10) ….....................…. continuous. (grab) the silvery creatures and they 11) …......................……. 1 A: Is it raining again? (it/rain) (throw) them at their friends, in some kind of fun game. B: Yes, and whenever it ......................... (rain) Tomorrow, I 12) ….......................……. (go) to the local library to see if I can find some information about this amazing for so long, the streets ................... (flood). phenomenon. 2 A: ................................................... (you/ever/ watch) game shows? B: Yes, in fact I ................................................. 5 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct (take part) in one next week! form of the present simple or the present 3 A: Where ....................................