1 www.civilserviceindia.com International UNGA: It refers to United Nations General Assembly. It is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, the only one in which all member nations have equal representation, and the main deliberative, policy-making, and representative organ of the UN. It was founded in 1945 in New York, United States. UNGA has given its approval for a new Russian resolution which will draft a new international treaty to combat cyber-crime which will draft a new international treaty to combat cyber-crime. The Russian-drafted resolution was approved by the 193-member world body by a vote of 79-60 with 33 abstentions. The drafted resolution will comprise of expert committee representing all world regions. It will also elaborate a comprehensive international convention on countering the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes. The UNGA also approved a resolution strongly condemning human rights abuses against Myanmar's Rohingya Muslims and other minorities. The UNGA resolutions are not legally binding but do reflect world opinion. Guinea-Bissau: Guinea-Bissau officially the Republic of Guinea- Bissau is a tropical country in West Africa. It is known for national parks and wildlife. The forested, sparsely populated Bijagós archipelago is a protected biosphere reserve. Its main island, Bubaque, forms part of the Orango Islands National Park, a habitat for saltwater hippos. Its capital city is Bissau. The currency used here is West African CFA franc. The opposition leader of West African state of Guinea-Bissau, Umaro Sissoco Embalo has won presidential elections. He defeated his rival Domingos Simoes Pereira, head of the country's ruling party PAIGC. National Electoral Commission (CNE) President Jose Pedro Sambu today announced the result. WHO: It refers to the World Health Organization. WHO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health. It was founded on 7 April 1948. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations 2 www.civilserviceindia.com Development Group. Year of Nurse and Midwife: WHO has designated the year 2020 as the “Year of Nurse and Midwife” to honor the 200th birth anniversary of Florence Nightingale. The main objective of WHO is to focus on improving health globally by raising the status and profile of nursing and enabling nurses to maximize their contribution to achieve Universal Health Coverage. The year is being dedicated to the midwifery as well as WHO is also a partner of The State of the World’s Midwifery Campaign. WHO is leading the development of “World Nursing Report” which is first of its kind. The report is to be launched in 2020. The organization is to launch the reports prior to 73rd session of WHO which is to be held in Geneva in February 2020. Florence Nightingale: She was an English social reformer and statistician, and the founder of modern nursing. She was born in 12 May 1820 in Florence, Italy. Nightingale came to prominence while serving as a manager and trainer of nurses during the Crimean War, in which she organized camps to take care for wounded soldiers. During the Crimean war, Nightingale gained the nickname "The Lady with the Lamp". Every year on the 12th of December the International Nurse Day is being celebrated in her honor by International Council of Nurses. The world Braille Day: It is observed annually on 4 January. The day is celebrated since 2019. It is observed to raise awareness of the importance of Braille as a means of communication in the full realization of the human rights for blind and partially sighted people. The day is celebrated to honor the birth anniversary of Louis Braille. He is the inventor of Braille – for people with visual disabilities. Louis Braille: He was born on 4th January 1809 in the town of Coupvray in northern France. He became blind after a childhood accident, and he quickly mastered his new way of living. He created the system we know today as Braille, based on a system of writing developed by Charles Barbier at a tender age of 15. Braille: It is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired. It is traditionally written with embossed paper. Braille users can read computer screens and other electronic supports using refreshable Braille displays. Braille was invented by Louis Braille. 3 www.civilserviceindia.com National RPF: It refers to Railway Police Force. The RPF has been accorded Group A status by the ministry and renamed It as Indian Railway Protection Force Service (IRPS) by the Indian Railways. The notice of renaming was issued by the Joint Director of Railway Board Amitabh Joshi on 30 December 2019. IRPF: The Indian Railway Protection Force Service (RPF) is a security force. It was established by the Railway Protection Force Act, 1957. It was enacted by the Indian Parliament for "the better protection and security of railway property". It was founded in 27 July 1872. It is headquartered in New Delhi and its governing body is the Ministry of Railways of India. The motto of the IRPF is “Attaining honor”. SDG: It refers to Sustainable Development Goals. SDGs also known as the Global Goals were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. SDG India Index: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) India Index is intended to provide a holistic view on the social, economic and environmental status of the country and its States and UTs. The index highlighst data gaps related across SDGs for India to develop its statistical systems at the national and State levels. 4 www.civilserviceindia.com NITI Ayog: NITI (National Institution for Transforming India) Ayog, the think tank of India released the 2nd edition of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) India Index and dashboard for the year 2019 in New Delhi. The index gives a brief analysis on the progress made by states and union territories(UTs) towards achieving the 2030 SDG targets. Kerala has topped the index with a score of 70. Kisan Samman Nidhi: It is an initiative by the government of India in which all small and marginal farmers will get up to ₹6,000 per year as minimum income support. It was established on 1 February 2019. Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the release of the 3rd installment of Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM Kisan) worth 12,000 crore at a public meeting in Tumkur, Karnataka on January 2, 2019. He presented the Krishi Karman Awards and Commendation Awards to states at a public meeting. He will also give away Agriculture Minister's Krishi Karman Awards for Progressive Farmers that have recorded good agriculture production in various categories during the previous crop seasons. Fishing equipments and Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) were also distributed by him to selected farmers. The Prime Minister also handed over certificates to beneficiaries under PM Kisan from eight states and Union Territories (UTs). PM-Kisan: It refers to The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi. It is a national scheme to improve the income of small and marginal farmers and to improve farm productivity and ensure better utilization of the resources in the country. It also helps the farmers from the debt-trap of the moneylenders. It was launched for the first time in Telangana as Rythu Bandhu Scheme. After the scheme was a huge success the central government launched the Pm-KISAN Yojana all over the country. Under this scheme amount of Rs 6000 was provided to the farmers annually by directly crediting it in their bank accounts in 4 installments. Jharkhand: It is a state in eastern India. It was created on 15 November 2000, from what was previously the southern half of Bihar. The capital of Jharkhand is Ranchi. The first Chief Minister of Jharkhand was Babula Marandi. Hemant Soren: He is the leader of Jharkhand Jharkhand Mukti Morcha. He has taken oath as a Chief Minister of Jharkhand for the 2nd time on 29 December 2019. He has become 11th chief minister of Jharkhand. Governor of Jharkhand Droupadi Murmu has administered the oath of office and secrecy to Hemant Soren, in 5 www.civilserviceindia.com the presence of senior political leaders and chief ministers from across states. In the just-conducted Assembly elections, the JMM, Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) and Congress alliance defeated the Bharitya Janata Dal(BJP) by 47 seats in the 81 member House. He had also earlier served as the 5th Chief Minister of Jharkhand in 13 July 2013 to 28 December 2014. Pragati Maidan Metro: The Pragati Maidan Metro is located on the Blue Line of the Delhi Metro. It services the Pragati Maidan Exhibition center and is also the current nearest Metro station to the nearby ITO office area as well as the Supreme Court of India. The Government of Delhi's naming committee has decided to rename Pragati Maidan Metro station as Supreme Court Metro Station. This was announced in New Delhi during a press conference by the Deputy Chief Minister of Delhi, Manish Sisodia. The naming committee has also decided to rename Mukarba Chowk and its flyover after Kargil war martyr Captain Vikram Batra and Mehrauli – Badarpur Road as Acharya Sri Mahapragya Marg. Indian polity CRPF: It refers to Central Reserve Police Force. The CRPF is India's largest Central Armed Police Force. It functions under the authority of the Ministry of Home Affairs of the Government of India. The CRPF's primary role lies in assisting the State/Union Territories in police operations to maintain law and order and counter insurgency.