Resilience in Aging Barbara Resnick ● Lisa P. Gwyther Karen A. Roberto Editors Resilience in Aging Concepts, Research, and Outcomes Editors Barbara Resnick Lisa P. Gwyther University of Maryland School of Nursing Duke University Baltimore, MD Center for the Study of Aging and Human USA Durham, NC [email protected] USA [email protected] Karen A. Roberto Center for Gerontology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA USA [email protected] ISBN 978-1-4419-0231-3 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-0232-0 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0232-0 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010938435 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) We dedicate this book to the GSA 2008 annual meeting researchers who took resilience seriously, to those who have been studying resilience, and to the wonderful older adults who have led the way and taught us all what it truly means to be resilient. Foreword Gerontology has advanced far beyond the problem-focused approach prevalent in the past decades. Now, scholars are increasingly interested in uncovering the strengths of older individuals and the benefits they contribute to society. From the medical sciences that stress health practices to prevent or slow the onset of disabil- ity to the behavioral sciences that demonstrate the value of positive thinking and close relationships, evidence of a balanced approach to understanding aging is widespread. Resilience in Aging: Concepts, Research, and Outcomes, situated in this multifaceted context of contemporary aging scholarship, presents a compre- hensive set of theory and research on resilience in old age. Chapters on health, ill- ness, and physiological aspects of aging; personality, motivation, and other psychological dimensions; culture and ethnicity; work and civic engagement; spiri- tuality and the environment; and care settings and community interventions all offer important insights about many ways that older adults can achieve and display resil- ience, the benefits of being resilient for aging well, and steps community service providers can take to foster resilience in the older population. This volume is a key resource for gerontologists, researchers and students of aging, and professionals who work with and on behalf of older adults. Blacksburg, VA Rosemary Blieszner, PhD vii Preface Like every book, this book has a story behind the making. First and foremost kudos for every moment you enjoy reading this book should go to Janice Stern, our Springer editor. Janice initially pursued me with the idea of a book about resilience in older adults, similar to a book that Springer had published about children. The Handbook of Resilience in Children. She contacted me around the time I was living and breathing resilience as I was recovering from microfracture surgery on my knee and was unhappily non-weight bearing on my left lower extremity for 2 months. That and my own research in the area of motivation of older adults inspired me to seize this opportunity. Simultaneously, the Gerontological Society of America (GSA) was planning the 61st annual scientific meeting with the theme set at “Resilience in an Aging Society: Risks and Opportunities.” As the Health Section Chair for the GSA that year (2008), I was part of the conference planning commit- tee and had the opportunity to learn about the many sessions highlighting and addressing resilience in older adults. Fascinated with the wide array of presenta- tions focused on different areas of resilience, I gathered the names of individuals to contact post presentation to invite them to turn their presentations into chapters for us to have and to hold. In addition, I asked the 2008 GSA President, Lisa Gwyther, and the 2008 Behavioral Science Section Chair, Karen Roberto, to join me as coedi- tors of the book. Together we divided and conquered and share with you more than you could ever want to know about resilience in older adults, and what we believe is the true key to successful aging. ix Contents 1 Resilience: Definitions, Ambiguities, and Applications ......................... 1 Rebecca S. Allen, Philip P. Haley, Grant M. Harris, Stevie N. Fowler, and Roopwinder Pruthi 2 Successful Aging and Resilience: Applications for Public Health and Health Care .......................................................... 15 Angela K. Hochhalter, Matthew Lee Smith, and Marcia G. Ory 3 Resilience and Personality Disorders in Older Age ............................... 31 Erlene Rosowsky 4 What Do We Know About Resilience in Older Adults? An Exploration of Some Facts, Factors, and Facets .............................. 51 Phillip G. Clark, Patricia M. Burbank, Geoffrey Greene, Norma Owens, and Deborah Riebe 5 Psychological Resilience ........................................................................... 67 Michelle E. Mlinac, Tom H. Sheeran, Bryan Blissmer, Faith Lees, and Diane Martins 6 Physiological Resilience ............................................................................ 89 Gregory Hicks and Ram R. Miller 7 Using the Arts to Promote Resiliency Among Persons with Dementia and Their Caregivers ...................................................... 105 Robert E. Roush, Michelle Braun, Anne Davis Basting, Jerald Winakur, Francesca Rosenberg, and Susan H. McFadden 8 Promoting Worker Resilience Over the Lifecourse ............................... 121 Christopher McLoughlin, Philip Taylor, and Philip Bohle 9 Resilience in Aging: Cultural and Ethnic Perspectives ......................... 133 Darlene Yee-Melichar xi xii Contents 10 Civic Engagement: Policies and Programs to Support a Resilient Aging Society ........................................................................ 147 Nancy Morrow-Howell, Greg O’Neill, and Jennifer C. Greenfield 11 Strengthened by the Spirit: Religion, Spirituality, and Resilience Through Adulthood and Aging .................................... 163 Carol Ann Faigin and Kenneth I. Pargament 12 Resilience in Chronic Illness .................................................................. 181 Ranak B. Trivedi, Hayden B. Bosworth, and George L. Jackson 13 The Relationship Between Resilience and Motivation......................... 199 Barbara Resnick 14 The Association Between Resilience and Survival Among Chinese Elderly .......................................................................... 217 Ke Shen and Yi Zeng 15 Fostering Resilience in Dementia Through Narratives: Contributions of Multimedia Technologies .......................................... 231 Barbara Purves, Marie Y. Savundranayagam, Elizabeth Kelson, Arlene Astell, and Alison Phinney 16 Building Resilience in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Stage Dementia: Innovative Approaches to Intervention and Outcome Evaluation ............................................. 245 Linda Clare, Glynda J. Kinsella, Rebecca Logsdon, Carol Whitlatch, and Steven H. Zarit 17 African American Caregivers Finding Resilience Through Faith ......................................................................................... 261 Joseph G. Pickard and M. Denise King 18 The Age-Friendly New York City Project: An Environmental Intervention to Increase Aging Resilience ............ 273 Julie Netherland, Ruth Finkelstein, and Paula Gardner 19 Promoting Resilience in Small-Scale, Homelike Residential Care Settings for Older People with Dementia: Experiences from the Netherlands and the United States ........................................ 289 Hilde Verbeek, Rosalie A. Kane, Erik van Rossum, and Jan P.H. Hamers 20 A Geriatric Mobile Crisis Response Team: A Resilience-Promoting Program to Meet the Mental Health Needs of Community-Residing Older People ....................................... 305 Donna Cohen and B.L. King-Kallimanis Contents xiii 21 Optimizing Resilience in the 21st Century ........................................... 317 Mary Hamil Parker 22 Resilience in the Workplace: Job Conditions that Buffer Negative Attitudes Toward Older Workers .......................................... 331 Jacquelyn B. James, Elyssa Besen, and Marcie Pitt-Catsouphes 23 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 351 Barbara Resnick Index ................................................................................................................. 357 Editor Biographies Barbara Resnick, PhD, CRNP, FAAN, FAANP, is a professor in the Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health at the University of Maryland School of Nursing, holds the Sonya Ziporkin Gershowitz Chair in Gerontology at the School of Nursing, and does clinical work at Roland Park Place, a Lifecare com- munity. Dr. Resnick holds a BSN from the University