APEC#216-RE-01.17 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................................................. vii PREFACE ....................................................................................................................................................... viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... ix RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... xi PART 1: BACKGROUND INFORMATION ............................................................................................................ 1 1 ENERGY SITUATION IN VIET NAM ................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Primary energy supply ............................................................................................................................... 3 Coal ................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Oil ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Natural gas ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 Biomass ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Hydropower ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 Other renewable energy resources .................................................................................................................. 6 1.2 Electricity supply ........................................................................................................................................ 7 1.3 Final energy demand ................................................................................................................................ 11 2 VIET NAM’S ENERGY SECTOR: STRUCTURES AND STAKEHOLDERS .............................................................. 12 2.1 GOvernment agencies .............................................................................................................................. 12 2.2 Other Related OrganizatiOns .................................................................................................................... 15 3 RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN VIET NAM .................................................................................... 19 3.1 GOals, Objectives, Targets and ROadmaps ................................................................................................ 19 3.2 Renewable Energy Policies and Regulations ............................................................................................. 23 Small-Hydro Power ......................................................................................................................................... 24 Wind power .................................................................................................................................................... 24 Biomass power ................................................................................................................................................ 25 Solid-waste power .......................................................................................................................................... 25 Solar power ..................................................................................................................................................... 25 Biofuels ........................................................................................................................................................... 25 3.3 Renewable Energy PrOgrams .................................................................................................................... 27 Hydropower .................................................................................................................................................... 27 Wind power .................................................................................................................................................... 28 Solar energy .................................................................................................................................................... 30 Bioenergy ........................................................................................................................................................ 31 4 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN VIET NAM ................................................................................................ 34 PART II: REVIEW TEAM REPORT ..................................................................................................................... 39 1 INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT ........................................................................................................................... 41 iii Achievements and Challenges ........................................................................................................................ 41 Recommendation ............................................................................................................................................ 42 2 LOW CARBON ENERGY GOALS, TARGETS AND STRATEGY ........................................................................... 42 Achievements and Challenges ........................................................................................................................ 42 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................................... 45 3 REGULATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE .......................................................................................................... 47 3.1 RegulatiOn ................................................................................................................................................ 47 Achievements and Challenges ........................................................................................................................ 47 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................................... 49 3.2 Infrastructure ........................................................................................................................................... 51 Achievements and Challenges ........................................................................................................................ 51 recommendations ........................................................................................................................................... 52 4 BIOENERGY-BIOFUELS, BIOMASS ................................................................................................................ 53 4.1 BiOfuels .................................................................................................................................................... 53 Achievements and Challenges ........................................................................................................................ 53 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................................... 54 4.2 BiOmass ................................................................................................................................................... 55 Achievements and Challenges ........................................................................................................................ 55 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................................... 57 5 WIND ENERGY ............................................................................................................................................. 58 Achievements and Challenges ........................................................................................................................ 58 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................................... 62 6 SOLAR PV, SMALL-HYDRO, GEOTHEMAL ENERGY ....................................................................................... 63 6.1 Solar PV ................................................................................................................................................... 63 Achievements and Challenges .......................................................................................................................