Pirkkoliisa Ahponen · Päivi Harinen Ville-Samuli Haverinen Editors Dislocations of Civic Cultural Borderlines Methodological Nationalism, Transnational Reality and Cosmopolitan Dreams Dislocations of Civic Cultural Borderlines Pirkkoliisa Ahponen • Päivi Harinen Ville-Samuli Haverinen Editors Dislocations of Civic Cultural Borderlines Methodological Nationalism, Transnational Reality and Cosmopolitan Dreams Editors Pirkkoliisa Ahponen Päivi Harinen Department of Social Sciences Department of Social Sciences University of Eastern Finland University of Eastern Finland Joensuu , Finland Joensuu, Finland Ville-Samuli Haverinen Department of Social Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu, Finland ISBN 978-3-319-21803-8 ISBN 978-3-319-21804-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-21804-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015956535 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Acknowledgements Many colleagues have supported us in this cross-border travel, encouraging to con- tinue to reach the fi nalising phase. We will thank collectively all the fellow travellers without naming everybody. The idea was initiated during the research project ‘Changing civil society: Multiculturalism, young people and the Finnish civic cul- ture’. We are grateful to the Academy of Finland for fi nancing this project in 2008– 2010. Some preliminary versions of the contributions were introduced and discussed in the fi nal seminar of the project in October 2010. Warm thanks to the participants of the seminar for the fruitful comments. When we modifi ed and reworked versions of the texts publishable, useful viewpoints of peer reviews have helped to improve the contents and the coherence of this collection. Our greatest debt of gratitude is addressed to the anonymous reviewers who read the whole manuscript carefully and gave us very valuable comments during the editing process of this collection. The home base of the editors of this book is the University of Eastern Finland. Many thanks to the Department of Social Sciences for providing the facilities to our work as well as for giving preconditions to research work and everyday interaction. Contributors of this multidisciplinary and multicultural project work in many uni- versities and institutions, and contacts have mainly been kept up via electronic media lines. English is not the primary language of all the contributors, and therefore we needed to help in improving the linguistic quality of the contributions. Warmest thanks to Mr. Tatu Ahponen (MA) for his careful work in processing the versions more understandable. The collaboration with our publisher Springer has been fl uent and profi cient. Special thanks are due to Senior Editorial Assistant Hendrikje Tuerlings for her patience and helpful guidance on proceeding with the editorial work. v Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 1 Pirkkoliisa Ahponen Part I Belonging to Membership: Changing Frames of Citizenship 2 Living in an Age of Migration and Diasporas ...................................... 21 Zygmunt Bauman 3 Contents of Citizenship? Multiple Citizens’ Orientations Towards Nationality and Different Forms of Citizenship ................... 33 Jussi Ronkainen Part II Studying Dislocations: From Methodological Nationalism to Methodological Cosmopolitanism 4 Which Side? Young Multicultural Generation Facing Nationalistic Research Frameworks ...................................................... 57 Päivi Harinen and Antti Kivijärvi 5 Embodied and Moral Methodological Cosmopolitanism in Opposition to the Rise of Neo- nationalism: A Micro-analytical Perspective .............................................................. 71 S o fi a Laine 6 Political Transnationalism as a Matter of Belonging: Young Kurds in Finland ......................................................................... 87 Mari Toivanen 7 Marginal Actors? Diaspora Somalis Negotiate Their Citizenship ...... 107 Mulki Al-Sharmani and Cindy Horst vii viii Contents Part III Complex Preconditions of Cosmopolitan Citizenship: Toward Learning Society 8 Dilemmas of Cosmopolitan Education in the Context of Transnationalism ....................................................... 125 Devorah Kalekin-Fishman 9 The Internationalisation of Higher Education: Multicultural, Transnational and Cosmopolitan Perspectives Approached ............... 145 Anna Medvedeva and Pirkkoliisa Ahponen 10 Is Education Still Enough? Skilled Sub-Saharan Africans Face the Nordic Labour Market ............................................ 161 Mathias E. Ebot 11 From Locals to Cosmopolitans: Transferring the Territorial Dimensions of Cultural Citizenship ............................. 177 Pirkkoliisa Ahponen Afterwords ....................................................................................................... 197 About the Editors and Authors Pirkkoliisa Ahponen (Ph.D.) Professor (Emerita), Department of Social Sciences at the University of Eastern Finland. Her earlier research dealt with everyday-life issues and comparative evaluations of institutional cultural policy. The current research topics concern problems of politics of culture and socio-cultural border- crossings with aims to decrease alienation and advance social and cultural equality of transnational citizens. Expertise of environmental policy issues in developing countries is included in her current interest areas from the theoretical perspective of risks to refl exive modernization. Recent articles include: “Miserable or Golden Karelia? Interpreting a Cross-border Excursion of Students from Finland to Russia”. Journal of Borderland Studies , vol. 26. number 2. 2011, 2159–1229, and “A Cultural Transformation: The Design of Alienation in the Guise of Creativity” in Devorah Kalekin-Fishman & Ann Denis (eds.) The Shape of Sociology for the 21st Century. Tradition and Renewal (2012), SAGE, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore & Washington DC, 254–266. Mulki Al-Sharmani received her doctorate in cultural anthropology from Johns Hopkins University, USA, in 2005. She was a joint research and teaching faculty member at the American University in Cairo from 2005 to 2010. She was also a research fellow at Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki (2010–2011). Currently, Mulki is an Academy of Finland research fellow at the Faculty of Theology, Study of Religions Unit, University of Helsinki, working on her own project Islamic Feminism: Tradition, Authority, and Hermeneutics (2013– 2018). She is also the lead researcher of the study titled Transnational Somali Finnish Families in Finland: Discourse and Lived Realities of Marriage , which is part of the academy team project Transnational Muslim Marriages in Finland: Wellbeing, Law, and Gender (2013–2017), led by Marja Tiilikainen at Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki. Mulki researches and writes on transna- tional migration and gender, Somali diasporas, modern Muslim family laws, Muslim marriage norms and practices in Muslim majority and minority contexts, and con- temporary Muslim women scholars’ engagements with Islamic interpretative tradi- tion and their roles in production of religious knowledge. ix x About the Editors and Authors Zygmunt Bauman (Prof.) was born in Poland, where he started his career as a sociologist. He has resided in Great Britain in 1971. Since then, he has worked as a professor at University of Leeds, currently with the status of an emeritus professor. He is well known around the world for his deep analyses of the links between modernity and the Holocaust, postmodern consumerism and sociological thinking. His publications contain comprehensive discussions on the problems of globaliza- tion, transnationalism and ethical choices of the members of a liquid society. Mathias E. Ebot (Ph.D. candidate) works as an early stage researcher at the Department of Social Sciences—University of Eastern Finland. Only recently, he was visiting researcher for eight (8) months at the Institute of Advanced Social Research, University of Tampere. He holds a master’s degree in Sociology (major- ing in Cultural Diversity) from the University of Joensuu. He has academic back- ground in cultural and humanistic