AUSTRALASIAN HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY, 32, 2014 The lost mausoleum of Matthew Goggs JONATHAN PRANGNELL 1 and IRENE HOWE 2 In 2010 a search by members of the Centenary Suburbs Historical Society identified possible structural debris within the grounds of Wacol Prison, close to Wolston House, in the western Brisbane suburb of Wacol. The authors undertook archaeological and historical investigations to identify the remains. The footings of a stone building and adjacent walls were unearthed. This building was identified as a mausoleum constructed by Matthew Buscall Goggs, the second owner of Wolston House, in 1871, that was subsequently demolished by the Prisons Department in the 1960s. Wolston House, a Queensland Heritage Register State Matthew Goggs was 21 when he migrated to Australia Heritage Place, is a large sandstone, timber and brick pastoral aboard the Duckenfield arriving in Hobart Town on 1 June 1831 dwelling located on a small remnant of Wolston Estate at with a capital of £500 (Gordon and Young 2010). He invested Wacol, halfway between Brisbane and Ipswich in southeast in a successful whaling venture and by the early 1840s Goggs Queensland (Figure 1). Wolston Estate was originally a one owned pastoral runs on the Pages River, Isis River and the square mile pastoral property established on the banks of the Liverpool Plains in the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales. Brisbane River by Dr Stephen Simpson in 1851 (Sinnamon By 1849 he had obtained the lease to the Chinchilla run of 1980:29). Simpson built a small brick and timber house on the approximately 36,000 acres and the adjoining Wongongera property. In 1860 Simpson sold the property to Matthew station ( New South Wales Government Gazette 1949:210). Goggs who extended the house to accommodate his family These two properties obtained a depasturing capacity of up to which included ten children (Sinnamon 1980:30). He also 60,000 sheep ( The Darling Downs Gazette and General extended the property to 5000 acres by buying out his Advertiser 1859). In 1859 Goggs sold the combined properties neighbours. The house is now the property of the National for £25,000. After a trip home to Norfolk, England, he returned Trust of Queensland. In 2010 some sandstone was found to Sydney in 1860 and by the end of the year had purchased exposed above the ground surface approximately 300m from Wolston Estate ( Moreton Bay Courier 1861). the homestead building. It was conjectured by the National Goggs died at Wolston House on 13 May 1882, aged 73 Trust of Queensland that this material related to a mausoleum years (Goggs 1882). On his death, Matthew was buried that Goggs constructed in 1871. A mausoleum can be defined alongside his two children, Phillis and Richard Cromwell, in as a ‘substantial, discrete funerary structure’ (Pearson 2002:3) the mausoleum which he had built in 1871 as his last resting containing above ground burials (Sagazio 1992:130). It is the place ( The Queenslander 1882:629). Sharp (1998) has claimed fact that the coffins are placed above the ground in mausolea that Goggs’ intention for building the mausoleum was as a that differentiates them from crypts. precursor to a public cemetery on the site. The mausoleum was later damaged by the 1893 floods, and the burial remains were removed and reinterred at Toowong Cemetery, Brisbane, on 10 December 1894 (Cilento 1968; Sharp 1998). They were interred with Matthew’s son William, who had died in August of that year. The building was never restored, but over time the remains of the mausoleum were used for other purposes, such as a grain silo, and then it was finally demolished by the Prisons Department in the late 1960s − left forgotten, its exact location unknown (Sharp 1998). There are very few mausolea in Australia (Spicer 1992: 130) and although Italian and other Catholic immigrants constructed some mausolea in cemeteries around Brisbane during the twentieth century the Goggs’ mausoleum is important as it represents both the only one constructed in the Anglo-Scottish tradition, and the only one constructed in the nineteenth century, in southeast Queensland. The exact location of the remains of the mausoleum has been a matter of speculation for some time. Primary and secondary sources suggested that it been situated several hundred metres in a northeasterly direction from Wolston House, near the junction of the Brisbane River and Wolston Creek (Cilento 1968; Lord 1933; Sharp 1998). Ms Jenny Squire, Manager of Wolston House, recalled that in 2009 she had met Harry Josephs, a relative of the Grindle family, who owned the property in the Figure 1: Location of Wolston House. first half of the twentieth century, and that he had pointed from the fence line to a remembered location of the mausoleum (Squire 2012: pers. comm.). In 2010, Ms Squire’s information 1. School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, on the approximate location of the site was used by members Queensland 4072: [email protected] of the Centenary Suburbs Historical Society to undertake a 2. The Australian Literature Resource, The University of Queensland, survey to find any evidence of the mausoleum. They identified Brisbane, Queensland 4072: [email protected] a possible location for the mausoleum site over 300 m from the 61 homestead (Gordon and Young 2010), in an area overgrown by with an internal area of 11.1 m 2 (4 m x 2.8 m). The walls tall grass and ground creepers where a few pieces of rock measured 5.75 m (18 ft 10 in) (east to west) and 4.5 m (14 ft broke the ground surface on land now owned by Corrective 9 in) (north to south), with a width of walls approximately Services (Figure 2). Subsequently, the National Trust of 60 cm (2 ft). The foundations of the buttresses each measured Queensland approached one of the authors (Prangnell) to 61 cm (2 ft) by 40 cm (16 in). Surrounding the mausoleum excavate the site and to test whether or not the rock related to footings are the foundations of a free-standing wall con- the mausoleum. The excavation took place in May 2011 with structed of the same sandstone and in the same method as the the assistance of a voluntary archaeological team consisting of mausoleum. In the southwestern corner between the wall and several members from the National Trust of Queensland, and the mausoleum there is evidence, in the form of badly cracked archaeology PhD and Honours students from The University cement, that the 1.2 m (4 ft) space was originally paved. There of Queensland. are also two stoneware drainage pipes at ground level built The mausoleum site is situated at 27.5682 oS 152.9027 oE at through the southern and western walls to carry rainwater 13 m above sea level, and 332 m northeast of Wolston House. away from the mausoleum. The free-standing walls measure It is positioned approximately 200 m from the bank of Wolston 8.5 m (27 ft 10 in) north/south by 7.4 m (24 ft 3 in) east/west Creek which feeds into the Brisbane River. The archaeological and are up to 52 cm (20 in) thick at ground level. The excavation was completed over three non-consecutive days, sandstone in the northeastern corner of the wall has been and stone footings of a rectangular building and a surrounding robbed away. This may have occurred during the Grindle time wall were unearthed (Figure 3). To identify the remains of the to allow access to the structure by large farm machinery. mausoleum, it was compared to the only two extant photo- Further research is required to determine if Jeay’s quarry, graphs of the structure. The photographs showed a small that operated from 1861 to the 1880s, the source of sandstone rectangular building with four buttresses supporting the longer for Wolston House (Roberts 2009), was also the source for the walls. As the excavation preceded identification of the footings mausoleum. Nonetheless, the location, dimensions and con- of these buttresses aligning with the base of the walls was struction techniques of Gogg’s mausoleum have now been confirmed. (Unfortunately the poor quality of the only known confirmed as well as the discovery of a previously unrecorded copies of these photographs means that they cannot be stone wall enclosing the mausoleum. These findings will lead reproduced here.) to changes in the interpretation of the site by the National Trust From the archaeology it is possible to determine the size of Queensland and to an application to extend the heritage and shape of the structure. The footings of the mausoleum listing boundary of Wolston House to include the archae- were constructed of sandstone in blocks of varying sizes. The ological features of the only known nineteenth-century total area of ground covered by the mausoleum was 25.8 m 2 mausoleum in Queensland. Figure 2: Sandstone on the ground surface. 62 Figure 3: Site plan of the 2011 excavation (dark grey = sandstone, light grey = cement, red = brick, hatched red = stoneware pipe). REFERENCES the Settled Districts, Supplem ent to the New South Wales Government Gazette , 18 August 1849, p. 1210. CILENTO, R. 1968 The Story of Wolston House: A Property of the National Trust of Queensland , Queensland Govern- MORETON BAY COURIER 15 January 1861, p. 6. ment, Brisbane. PEARSON, L. 2002 Mausoleums , Shire Publications, Princes THE DARLING DOWNS GAZETTE AND GENERAL Risborough. ADVERTISER 1859 To close a partnership: Darling THE QUEENSLANDER 1882 Death of an Old Colonist. The Downs District. The Darling Downs Gazette and General Queenslander 20 May 1882, p. 629. Advertiser , 5 August 1859, p. 2. ROBERTS, B. 2009 He Made His Mark: Joshua Jeays, Early GOGGS, M.