VOLUME 31 / NUMBER 2 / 1989 An International Journal of Cosmogenic Isotope Research Editor AUSTIN LONG Managing Editor RENEE S KRA 4717 East Ft Lowell Road Department of Geosciences The University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85712 ISSN: 0033-8222 RADIOCARBON An International Journal of Cosmogenic Isotope Research Editor: AUSTIN LONG Managing Editor: RENEE S KRA Published by Department of Geosciences The University of Arizona Published three times a year at The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85712. © 1989 by the Department of Geoscienc:es, The University of Arizona. Subscription rate $90.00 (for institutions), $60.00 (for individuals), available only in whole volumes. The Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Radiocarbon Conference, Vol 31, No. 3, 1989 are $60.00. The Proceedings of the Twelfth International Radiocarbon Conference, Vol 28, Nos. 2A and 2B, 1986 are $60.00. No. 2B, the Special Calibration Issue, is available separately for $30.00. The full subscription for 1986 which includes the Pro- ceedings is $80.00 (institutions) and $60.00 (individuals). The Proceedings of the Eleventh International Radiocarbon Conference, Vol 25, No. 2, 1983 are $50.00, and the Proceedings of the Tenth International Radiocarbon Conference, Vol 22, Nos. 2 and 3, 1980 are $60.00. Back issues and price lists may be obtained from the office of' RADIOCARBON. All correspondence and manuscripts should be addressed to the Managing Editor, RADIOCARBON, 4717 East Ft Lowell Road, Department of Geosciences, University of Ari- zona, Tucson, AZ 85712. Tel: (602) 881-0857; BITNET:C14@aARIZRVAX OjJprints. The minimum reprint order for each article will be 100 copies without cover. No o/Jprint.s will be furnished free of charge unless page charges are paid. The cost of additional copies will, of course, be greater if the article is accompanied by plates involving unusual expense. Copies will be furnished with a printed cover giving the title, author, volume, page, and year, when specially ordered. ]'age charges. Each institution sponsoring research reported in a technical paper or a date list, will be asked to pay a charge of $80.00 per printed page. Institutions or authors paying such charges will be entitled to 100 free offprints without covers. No charges will be made if the author indicates that his institution is unable to pay them, and payment of page charges on an article will not in any case be a condition for its acceptance. Missing issues will be replaced without charge only if claim is made within three months (six months for India and Australia) after the publication date. Claim for missing issues will not he honored if absence results from failure by the subscriber to notify the Journal of an address change. Illustrations should include explanation of symbols used. Copy that cannot be reproduced cannot be accepted. Whenever possible, reduce figures for direct publication. Line drawings should be in black India ink on white drawing board, tracing cloth, or coordinate paper printed in blue and should be accompanied by clear ozalids or reduced photographs for use by the reviewers. Photographs should be positive prints. Figures (photographs and line drawings) should be numbered consecutively through each article, using arabic numerals. All mea- surements should be given in SI (metric units). Tables may be accepted as camera-ready copy. Citations. A number of radiocarbon dates appear in publications without laboratory citation or refererence to published date lists. We ask that laboratories remind submitters and users of radiocarbon dates to include proper citation (laboratory number and date-list cita- tion) in all publications in which radiocarbon dates appear. Radiocarbon Measurements: Comprehensive Index, 1950-1965. This index covers all pub- lished 14C measurements through Volume 7 of RADIOCARBON, and incorporates revisions made by all laboratories. It is available to all subscribers to RADIOCARBON at $20.00 US per copy. List of laboratories. Our comprehensive list of laboratories appears at the end of each volume. We ask all laboratory directors to provide their telephone, telex and fax numbers as well as their E-mail addresses. Changes in names or addresses, additions, or deletions should also be reported to the Managing Editor. Vol 31, No. 2 Radiocarbon 1989 CONTENTS Radiocarbon Dating of Deep-Sea Sediments: A Comparison of Accelerator Mass Spectrometer and Beta-Decay Methods GA Jones, AJT Jull, TW Linick and DJ Donahue...................................... Problems Associated With the Use of Coal As a Source of 14C-Free Background Material David C Lowe ........................................................................................ Chronometric Dating and Late Holocene Prehistory in the Hawaiian Islands: A Critical Review of Radiocarbon Dates from Moloka'i Island Marshall Weisler .................................................................................... Accuracy and Precision in Dating Microgram Carbon Samples JS Vogel, DE Nelson and JR Soul hon ....................................................... 145 High-Resolution 14C Dating of Organic Deposits Using Natural Atmospheric 14C Variations Bas Van Geel and Willem G Mook ........................................................... Anomalous AMS Radiocarbon Ages for Foraminifera from High-Deposition-Rate Ocean Sediments WS Broecker, Susan Trumbore, Georges Bonani, Willy Wolfli and Millie Klas ...................................................................................... '4C Temporal 10Be and Variations: A Tool for Paleomagnetic Research GE Kocharov, AV Blinov, AN Konstantinov and VA Levchenko ................. 163 Correcting 14C Histograms for the Non-Linearity of the 14C Time Scale Ad Stolk, Koos Hogervorst and Henk Berendsen ........................................ 169 DATE LISTS W JM Buchanan-Banks, JP Lockwood and Meyer Rubin Radiocarbon Dates for Lava Flows from Northeast Rift Zone of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hilo 7'/' Quadrangle, Island of Hawaii............... IRPA Michele Dauchot-Dehon and Mark Van Strydonck Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique Radiocarbon Dates XIII......... NOTES AND COMMENTS Corrected Calibration of the Radiocarbon Time Scale, 3904-3203 Cal BC Willem G Mook and Bernd Becker ............................................................ 201 Report on a Meeting Held at the IAEA, Vienna, 20-21 February, 1989 Willem G Mook ...................................................................................... 206 Islands of Affluence in a Sea of Despair Renee Kra ............................................................................................. 207 Book Review: Radiocarbon Dating Literature: The First 21 Years 1947-1968, compiled by Dilette Polach Bruce Rippeteau ..................................................................................... LABORATORIES ........................................................................................................ 213 ANNOUNCEMENTS ................................................................................................... 228 [RaDlocARBoN, VOL 31, No. 2, 1989, P ii] FROM THE EDITOR CARBON-14 PRODUCTION IN AIRPORT SECURITY DEVICES A few of our colleagues, upon receiving a radiocarbon date younger than they expected, have wondered if X-rays in airport security devices plight have increased their 14C content. Unfortunately for them, our col- leagues have been forced to find alternate explanations for the uncoopera- tive dates. Airport X-rays simply cannot produce 14C. However, a new secu- rity technology is almost ready for installation at Kennedy Airport for some international flights, and, according to the Wall Street Journal, 100 addi- tional units are planned for other high-risk airports. The new device will detect high concentrations of nitrogen (a component in explosives) by ther- mal neutron activation (TNA). Since TNA on a global scale is the1rocess by '4C which nature produces virtually all in the atmosphere, some' C must be produced in high-nitrogen materials, such as bones, as they pass through a neutron activation airport security device. The question important to the radiocarbon dating community is how much effect can the 14C thus pro- duced have on the 14C date? According to Peter Ryge, of Science Applications International Cor- poration (SAIL), in Santa Clara, California, one pass through this TNA security device, developed by SAIC, will produce a maximum of 3.6 x 10-12 µCi (8.0 x 10-6 disintegrations per minute (dpm)) of 14C in one gram of nitrogen. This is equivalent to adding about 3.4 x 10+ atoms of 14C. In terms of calculated effects on actual samples, 10 grams of carbon from bone protein containing about 1 gram of nitrogen for every 3 grams of car- 14( bon, could thus increase its activity by 7.2 x 10-4 dpm (add 3 x 10+6 atoms) in 3 passes through the airport nitrogen detector. This is 3 orders of magnitude below detection limit of virtually all radiocarbon dating systems. A bone specimen originally containing "n)" 14C before neutron activation, would acquire a hypothetical 14( age of 116,000 years. Clearly, the airport nitrogen detector, with expected routine use, would have no measurable effect on the 14C age of samples intended for dating. So goes another potential explanation for spurious dates. Austin Long 11 TIMOTHY W LINICK OCTOBER 29, 1946 JUNE 4, 1989 Timothy Weiler Linick died on June 4th, 1989. He was a dedi- cated researcher, and an important part of the NSF Accelerator Facility for Radioisotope Analysis at the University of Arizona.