Canada’s Professional Journal On Army Issues PRODUCED FOR PATRON The Canadian Army Journal, a refereed forum of ideas and issues, is the Chief of the Army Staff detachment Kingston (Canadian Army Land Warfare Centre) Commander Canadian Army: official publication of the Canadian Army. This periodical is dedicated to PO Box 17000 Stn Forces, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 7B4, Canada Lieutenant-General Wayne D. Eyre, the expression of mature professional thought and informed debate on CMM, MSC, CD the art and science of land warfare, the dissemination and discussion of doctrinal and training concepts, as well as ideas, concepts, and opinions DESIGN AND PRODUCTION OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE by all military personnel and those civilians with interest in such Army Publishing Office (APO), Kingston, Ontario, K7K 7B4, Canada matters. Articles on related subjects such as leadership, ethics, Chief of Staff Army Strategy: technology, and military history are also invited and presented. Brigadier-General Chris C. Ayotte, CD WEBSITE The Canadian Army Journal is central to the intellectual health of the Canadian Army and the production of valid future concepts, doctrine, CADTC Webmaster Director, Canadian Army Land Warfare Centre: Colonel Éric J. J. S. Fortin, CD and training policies. It serves as a vehicle for the continuing education and professional development of all ranks and personnel in the Canadian COVER PHOTO CREDIT Army, as well as members from other environments, government EDITORIAL STAFF Canadian Armed Forces Combat Camera agencies, and academia concerned with the Canadian Army, defence, Editor-in-Chief: and security affairs. Lieutenant-Colonel Michael A. Rostek, CORRESPONDENCE CD, Ph.D., APF DISTRIBUTION AND SUBSCRIPTION All correspondence, contributions, and submissions should be sent to TheCanadian Army Journal (ISSN 1713-773X) is distributed throughout The Canadian Army Journal Production Manager: the Army and to select National Defence Headquarters, Royal Canadian c/o the Editor at Canadian Army Detachment Kingston (Canadian Army Land Warfare Centre) Major John R. B. Bosso, CD PO Box 17000 Stn Forces, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 7B4, Canada Navy, Royal Canadian Air Force and Directorate of Information Systems Book Review Editor: Operations addresses. Telephone: 613-541-5010 ext. 2898 Mr. Peter J. G. Gizewski, M.A., M. Phil. Fax: 613-540-8713 Copies are also provided to defence-related organizations, allied Email: [email protected] armies, and members of the public and academia. Inquiries regarding EDITORIAL BOARD distribution, subscription, and change of address are to be made ISSN—1713-773X CALWC – Centre for Operational to [email protected]. On the Internet, visit The Canadian NDID—R-GL-007-000/JD-014 Research and Analysis: Army Journal at www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/canadian-army- Print—Bilingual Tumble Mr. Peter J. G. Gizewski, M.A., M. Phil. journal/army-journal-index.page. Dr. Katherine M. Banko © 2020 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of National Defence SUBMISSION GUIDELINES Printed in Canada Royal Military College of Canada: Dr. Michael A. Hennessy Unsolicited article manuscripts, research notes, book reviews, and points Dr. J. Craig Stone, CD of interest are welcome. Articles should be 4000–6000 words exclusive of endnotes, research notes 1000–3000 words exclusive of endnotes, book Canadian Army Doctrine and reviews 1000–1500 words, and points of interest 1000 words or less. Training Centre: Articles may be submitted in either official language. Authors must include Major John N. Rickard, CD, Ph.D. a brief biography. Authors must supply any supporting tables, charts, Mr. Richard Z. Palimaka maps, and images, and these should not be embedded in the article text. Articles may be submitted via email or regular mail. All submissions are peer reviewed and the Editor will notify contributors on the status of their submission. Further details regarding author submission guidelines are available at www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/canadian-army-journal/ army-journal-guidelines.page. DISCLAIMER Opinions expressed in the articles remain those of the author and do not represent Government of Canada, departmental or Canadian Armed Forces official policy. The doctrine, training, and other updates do not represent authority for action on that particular topic. All published material remains the copyright of The Department of National Defence and may be used with written permission from the Editor. Source: Combat Camera TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIALS NOTE TO FILE 06 Professional Discourse in the 73 Distrust, Conflict Escalation and Mitigation 153 Returning to Normal 174 Leading at the Edge: True Tales from Canadian Army: A Call to Arms Strategies: Implications for Civil-Military Sergeant Andrew J. Lowry Canadian Police in Peacebuilding Lieutenant-General Wayne D. Eyre Cooperation and Peacekeeping Missions Around Dr. Megan M. Thompson the World and Dr. Ritu Gill 159 Commander’s Intent – A Rebuttal Reviewed by Lieutenant-Colonel Michael A. Rostek 11 Editorial Major Jonathan Cox Lieutenant-Colonel Michael A. Rostek 85 Child Soldiers as a Complex Security Challenge: Educating for Strategic Complementarity 176 A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of 163 Demobilization Planning: A Case Study a Boy Soldier ARTICLES Lieutenant-Colonel Michael A. Rostek of Allied Logistical Challenges at the and Dr. Shelly Whitman End of The Second World War Reviewed by Lieutenant-Colonel Michael A. Rostek 15 Developing Coup d’Oeil: Tactical Sergeant Simon D. H. Wells Decision Games and their Training Value 103 A Learning Army: Ability Grouping for the Canadian Army Moving from Training to Education 178 Composite Warfare: The Conduct Major Matthew Rolls in the Canadian Army BOOK REVIEWS of Successful Ground Force Operations Darryl G. Cathcart and Lieutenant-Colonel in Africa 168 The Bytown Gunners: The History of John Joseph (Joe) Parkinson Reviewed by Major Chris Buckham 33 Battle Group Decision Making and Related Ottawa’s Artillery, 1855–2015 Planning Processes: Intuitive or Deliberate? Reviewed by Roger Sarty An Ongoing Dialogue 115 Not Oblique Enough: The Fall of Sir Isaac Brock ARMY NEWS Colonel Howard G. Coombs and Guy St-Denis Lieutenant-Colonel (Retired) 172 Countering Violent Extremism and 181 Beyond The Hasty Attack: Education Steven K. MacBeth Terrorism: Assessing Domestic and Leadership on the Combat Team and International Strategies Commanders’ Course BIOGRAPHIES Reviewed by Lieutenant-Colonel Captain Stephen Keeble 53 A Framework to Assess the Military James McKay Ethics of Emerging Technologies 141 The Ontario Regiment Remembers Captain John Richardson: The Last Surviving Dr. Joelle B. Thorpe, Dr. Kimberly D. Girling and Dr. Alain Auger Regimental Officer from the Second World War Rod Henderson Source: Combat Camera 4 THE CANADIAN ARMY JOURNAL VOLUME 18.2 WWW.ARMY-ARMEE.FORCES.GC.CA 5 FOREWORD PROFESSIONAL DISCOURSE IN THE CANADIAN ARMY: A CALL TO ARMS Observe constantly that all things take place by change, This evolving environment will have profound impacts not just on our Canadian Armed and accustom thyself to consider that the nature of the Forces (CAF), but Canada as well. One could say that we are at a strategic inflection point. Universe loves nothing so much as to change the things What we have done, how we have done it, and the tools and techniques we have previously which are, and to make new things like them. used may not suffice. What does that mean for the Canadian Army (CA) which, as part of the CAF, is bound to be increasingly part of whole-of-government approaches, as one among —Marcus Aurelius many instruments of national power? No single individual has the answers, but collectively we must find them. It is change, continuing change, inevitable change, that is the dominant factor in society today. No sensible As I read the last edition of the Canadian Army Journal while in COVID-19 imposed decision can be made any longer without taking into distancing, I reflected on previous generations and how they wrestled with the challenges of account not only the world as it is, but the world as it the day through informed debate on the pages of Canada’s previous military journals. Prior will be... to the Second World War, as the lessons of the Great War were still fresh and social and technological change unfolded, there were ongoing deliberations on numerous topics, such Lieutenant-General Wayne D. Eyre, CMM, MSC, CD —Isaac Asimov as the Simonds-Burns exchange on Army mechanization. Similarly, debates on how to fight on the conventional-nuclear battlefield arose in the post-war era. Even a hermit would be hard-pressed not to feel the tremors of tectonic change upon us. The sweeping forces of geopolitics, I also reflected upon the utility of having a forum to conduct this reasoned debate. After a climate, technology, demographics and more, all against the hiatus of several years, I applaud the rejuvenation of the Canadian Army Journal. Any backdrop of human fallibility, are transforming our world in profession worth its salt has its own forum where ideas are shared, debated and become part ways hard to imagine. Our reality is not what it once was, of its body of professional knowledge. The CA has been lacking in this regard for some time. and certainly will not be the one we envisioned for our future selves. At this inflection point, the decisions we make over the coming years will have a profound impact our future, not only as an institution, but how we are able to defend our country. This change is nowhere more apparent than in our security We need to think deeply about these changes, and more specifically, what they mean for and environment. Geopolitically, we are seeing the re-emergence how we adapt the CA. I would like to see the pages of this Journal become a forum where the of the spectre of great power competition. With liberal challenges we confront and their proposed solutions are hotly debated.