Assessment date 22 March 2017 Ajuga reptans ALL ZONES Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has the species become naturalised where grown? 1.03 Does the species have weedy races? 2.01 Species suited to Florida's USDA climate zones (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) 2 North Zone: suited to Zones 8, 9 Central Zone: suited to Zones 9, 10 South Zone: suited to Zone 10 2.02 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) 2 2.03 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y 1 2.04 Native or naturalized in habitats with periodic inundation y North Zone: mean annual precipitation 50-70 inches Central Zone: mean annual precipitation 40-60 inches South Zone: mean annual precipitation 40-60 inches 1 2.05 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y 3.01 Naturalized beyond native range y 2 3.02 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y 2 3.03 Weed of agriculture y 4 3.04 Environmental weed unk 3.05 Congeneric weed y 2 4.01 Produces spines, thorns or burrs n 0 4.02 Allelopathic unk 0 4.03 Parasitic n 0 4.04 Unpalatable to grazing animals n -1 4.05 Toxic to animals n 0 4.06 Host for recognised pests and pathogens y 1 4.07 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans ? 4.08 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems n 0 4.09 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y 1 4.10 Grows on infertile soils (oligotrophic, limerock, or excessively draining soils). North & unk Central Zones: infertile soils; South Zone: shallow limerock or Histisols. 0 4.11 Climbing or smothering growth habit n 0 4.12 Forms dense thickets unk 0 5.01 Aquatic n 0 5.02 Grass n 0 5.03 Nitrogen fixing woody plant n 0 5.04 Geophyte n 0 6.01 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat n 0 6.02 Produces viable seed y 1 6.03 Hybridizes naturally unk -1 6.04 Self-compatible or apomictic y 1 6.05 Requires specialist pollinators n 0 6.06 Reproduction by vegetative propagation y 1 6.07 Minimum generative time (years) 1 1 7.01 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked unk areas) -1 7.02 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y 1 7.03 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant n -1 7.04 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal unk -1 7.05 Propagules water dispersed unk -1 7.06 Propagules bird dispersed unk -1 7.07 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) unk -1 7.08 Propagules dispersed by other animals (internally) unk -1 8.01 Prolific seed production n -1 8.02 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) n -1 8.03 Well controlled by herbicides unk 1 8.04 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation or cultivation y 1 8.05 ? Total Score 10 Implemented Pacific Second Screening no Risk Assessment Results High section satisfy # questions answered minimum? A 10 yes B 8 yes C 15 yes total 33 yes Reference Source data 1.01 Cultivated, but no evidence of selection for reduced weediness 1.02 Skip to question 2.01 1.03 Skip to question 2.01 2.01 1. Global Plant Hardiness Zones for Phytosanitary Risk Analysis. http://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/36586/PDF (Accessed: 3 November 2016) 2. US National Plant Germplasm System. 1. Figure 3. Florida North Zone: Hardiness zones 8 and 9. Central https://npgsweb.ars- Zone: Hardiness zones 9 and 10. South Zone: Hardiness zone 10. grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=314389 (Accessed: 3 2. Native to: Africa: Algeria, Tunisia, Asia: Azerbaijan, Georgia, November 2016) 3. Queensland Government. Russian Federation, Iran, Turkey, Europe: Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/ajug Lithuania, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Austria, Belgium, a_reptans.htm (Accessed: 3 November 2016) 4. Missouri Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Botanical Garden. Switzerland, Denmark, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdon, http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinde Albania, Bulgaria, Former Yugoslavia, Greece, Italy, Romania, rDetails.aspx?kempercode=b200 (Accessed: 3 November 2016) 5. Portugal, Spain 3. "Native to north-western Africa (i.e. northern The Ohio State University. Algeria and Tunisia), Europe and western Asia (i.e. northern Iran, http://hvp.osu.edu/pocketgardener/source/description/aj_ptans northern Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia and southern Russia." 4. .html (Accessed: 9 November 2016) 6. Cornell University. "Zone: 3 to 10" 5. "zones 4 to 8" 6. "Hardiness zones: 3 to 9" 7. http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scened732.h USDA Zones 3 to 9. tml (Accessed: 9 November 2016) 7. Dave's Garden. http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/673/#b (Accessed: 9 November 2016) 2.02 Native range well know. 2.03 1. Native or naturalized to Köppen-Geiger Climate Zones: BWh, 1. The University of Melbourne. Köppen-Geiger Climate BWk, BSh, BSk, Csa, Csb, Cfa, Cfb, Dfa, Dfb, and Dfc. 2. Native to: Map of the Wolrd. Africa: Algeria, Tunisia, Asia: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian http://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/mpeel/koppen.html Federation, Iran, Turkey, Europe: Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, (Accessed: 3 November 2016) 2. US National Plant Lithuania, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Austria, Belgium, Germplasm System. https://npgsweb.ars- Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=314389 Switzerland, Denmark, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdon, (Accessed: 3 November 2016) 3. Queensland Government. Albania, Bulgaria, Former Yugoslavia, Greece, Italy, Romania, https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/aj Portugal, Spain 3. "Native to north-western Africa (i.e. northern uga_reptans.htm (Accessed: 3 November 2016) Algeria and Tunisia), Europe and western Asia (i.e. northern Iran, northern Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia and southern Russia." 2.04 1. Native and naturalized in areas with rainfall within these ranges. 2. Native to: Africa: Algeria, Tunisia, Asia: Azerbaijan, 1. Climate Charts. World Climate Maps. http://www.climate- Georgia, Russian Federation, Iran, Turkey, Europe: Belarus, charts.com/World-Climate-Maps.html#rain (Accessed: 3 Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Austria, November 2016) 2. US National Plant Germplasm System. Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, https://npgsweb.ars- Poland, Switzerland, Denmark, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, United grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=314389 (Accessed: 3 Kingdon, Albania, Bulgaria, Former Yugoslavia, Greece, Italy, November 2016) 3. Queensland Government. Romania, Portugal, Spain 3. "Native to north-western Africa (i.e. https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/ajuga_re northern Algeria and Tunisia), Europe and western Asia (i.e. ptans.htm (Accessed: 3 November 2016) northern Iran, northern Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia and southern Russia." 2.05 1. Go Botany. https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/species/ajuga/reptans/ 1. "Connecticut: present, Maine: present, Massachusetts: (Accessed: 13 November 2016) 2. USDA Plants Database. present, New Hampshire: present, Rhode Island: present, http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=AJRE (Accessed: 13 Vermont: present" 2. See map. Introduced to the US and Canada. November 2016) 3. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk. 3. Introduced to Juan Fernandez Islands, China, New Zealand, http://www.hear.org/pier/species/ajuga_reptans.htm (Accessed: 13 November 2016) 4. ITIS Report. and Singapore 4. "Jurisdiction/Origin: Continental US, https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TS Introduced; Canada, Introduced" N&search_value=32454#null (Accessed: 13 November 2016) 3.01 1. Herbs 2000. http://www.herbs2000.com/herbs/herbs_bugle.htm (Accessed: 15 November 2016) 2. Illinois Wildflowers. 1. "In North America the bugle has become naturalized since it http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/carpet_bugle.htm was brought over from Europe in the colonial period." 2. (Accessed: 15 November 2016) 3. The Friends of the Wild Flower Naturalized in Illinois. 3. "It has sometimes escaped and is known Garden, Inc. to have naturalized in most of the eastern half of North http://www.friendsofthewildflowergarden.org/pages/plants/commo America." 4. "It has escaped cultivation and become naturalized nbugle.html (Accessed: 15 November 2016) 4. Floridata. in some parts of the northeastern and northcentral U.S." 5. http://floridata.com/Plants/Lamiaceae/Ajuga%20reptans/867 (Accessed: 15 November 2016) 5. The Research Institute for Naturalized in Japan 6. "Naturalised in some parts of south- Bioresources. Okayama University. Laboratory of Wild Plant eastern Australia (i.e. in Tasmania, in the Central Tablelands Science. "Naturalized plants from foreign country into Japan" region in sub-coastal New South Wales, and sparingly naturalised (Accessed: 15 November 2016) 6. Queensland Government. in Victoria). Also naturalised in the USA, Canada and New https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/ajuga_re Zealand." ptans.htm (Accessed: 15 November 2016) 3.02 1. Classified as a weed and garden thug 2. "planting will slowly invade beyond its originally intended boundaries by rooting runners, including adjacent lawn areas and perennial beds" 3. 1. Global Compendium of Weeds. "This low-growing, creeping evergreen groundcover is one of the http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/ajuga_reptans/ (Accessed: 3 November 2016) 2. The Ohio State University. few that tolerates dry shade. With adequate moisture, http://hvp.osu.edu/pocketgardener/source/description/aj_ptans.ht bugleweed rapidly carpets the ground with showy green or ml (Accessed: 9 November 2016) 3. Cornell University. multicolor foliage. But be careful where you plant it because it http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scened732.html can invade lawns." 4. "Another drawback is that bugleweed may (Accessed: 9 November 2016) 4. Floridata. spread onto adjacent lawns. Don't use it next to places you don't http://floridata.com/Plants/Lamiaceae/Ajuga%20reptans/867 want it to spread into. Some gardeners enclose the planting bed (Accessed: 13 November 2016) with edging to keep bugleweed in bounds."; "Carpet bugleweed can be invasive and become a persistent weed in lawns that are watered regularly." 3.03 1.