Improving biocontrol of Plutella xylostella Edited by A.A. Kirk and D. Bordât Proceedings of the international symposium, Montpellier, France, 21-24 October 2002 CIRAD CIRAD, the Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, is the French agricultural research centre for international development. Its mission is to contribute to the économie development of the tropical and subtropical régions through research on agriculture, training, and dissémination of its results. It employs 1850 people, including 950 senior staff, working in the French overseas departments and some fifty other countries. Its budget amounts to approximately 180 million euros. CIRAD has seven research departments: annual crops; perennial crops; fruit and horticultural crops; animal production and veterinary médiane; forestry; land, environment and people; and advanced methods for innovation in science. CIRAD opérâtes through its own research centres, collaborating national agricultural research Systems, universities and international centres, or development projects. Cover Diadromus collaris Gravenhorst female Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren) female Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) cocoons Plutella xylostella (L.) female (©L.Arvanitakis/CIRAD) ©CIRAD 2004 ISBN 2-87614-570-7 Improving bioconfrol of Plutella xylostella Contents Préface 7 A.A. Kirk, D. Bordât 1. Biological control of Plutella xylostella: a global perspective 9 D.J. Wright 2. The taxonomic status and rôle of Hymenoptera in biological control of DBM, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) 17 G. Delvare 3. The rôle of entomopathogens in DBM biological control 51 A.J. Cherry, G. Mercadier, W. Meikle, M. Castelo-Branco, S. Schroer 4. Diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) in Africa. A review with emphasis on biological control 71 B. Lôhr, R. Kfir 5. A review of the biological control of Plutella xylostella (L.), diamondback moth, in South and Central America 85 M.C. Branco, LL. Vazques, J.E. Jaramillo N., M. Londofio, F.H. França, G.L. Villas-Bôas, G.D. Jones, MA Medeiros, P. Pereira, R.G. Monnerat, A. Crema, LA. Pontes 6. A brief review of diamondback moth biological control in North America 93 A.M. Shelton 7. Biological control of diamondback moth in Asia 103 N.S. Talekar 8. A review of biological control of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) in Oceania 117 R.A. Vickers 9. Improving biocontrol of Plutella xylostella (L.) 127 A.A. Kirk, R. Kfir PROCEEDINGS Biological and molecular variability within seven populations of Plutella xylostella (L.) from Bénin 135 L. Arvanitakis, F. Bonal, A. Bordât, A.A. Kirk, D. Bordât Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its parasitoids in Ethiopia 140 G. Ayalew, B. Lôhr, J. Baumgârtner, C.K.P.O. Ogol Diamondback moth biocontrol activities in Canada 144 L. Braun, 0. Olfert, J. Soroka, P. Mason, L. Dosdall Proceedings of the international symposium, Montpellier, France, 21-24 October 2002 3 Morphological characteristics of five diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), populations in India 147 J. Chacko, P. Narayanasamy Status of biocontrol agents of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) in hilly régions of the north-west Himalayas, India 153 U. Chauhan, K.C. Sharma Relative potency, yield and transmission of a Kenyan isolate of Plutella xylostella (L.) granulovirus in a population of diamondback moth from Bénin, West Africa 158 A. Cherry, M. Osae, D. Djegui Seasonal dynamics of the development of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, and its hymenopteran parasitoids on cabbages in the Dakar région (Sénégal, West Africa) 163 D. Sall-Sy, K. Diarra, B.S. Toguebaye Population structure and movement of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), in Australia: Beginnings of a molecular marker approach 167 N. Endersby, S. McKechnie, P. Ridland Status of the diamondback moth and Cotesia plutellae its main parasitoid, in the Cotonou and Porto-Novo periurban areas of Bénin 172 A.E. Goudegnon, A.A. Kirk, L. Arvanitakis, D. Bordât The granulovirus of Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth, DBM) and its potential for control of DBM in Kenya 179 D. Grzywacz, M. Parnell, G. Kibata, G. Oduor, J. Poole, W. Ogutu, D. Miano Population dynamics of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera : Yponomeutidae) and its parasitoids in the région of Brasilia 184 T. Guilloux, R. Monnerat, M. Castelo-Branco, A.A. Kirk, D. Bordât Assessment of parasitism in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), in Iran 190 B. Hatami Review of an integrated pest management programme for the control of diamondback moth in leafy vegetables: the success story of Singapore 194 B.B. Ng, K.H. Ong, S.H. Ho Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a potential biocontrol agent of Plutella xylostella is not repelled with limonene treatments on cabbage 200 M.A. Ibrahim, J.K. Holopainen Biological control of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.), an Indian scénario with référence to past and future stratégies 204 A. Krishnamoorthy Evaluation of recombinant diamondback moth baculovirus in selected lepidopteran cell lines and larvae 212 A.H. Mclntosh, J.J. Grasela, C.W. Kariuki, CI. Goodman, LA. Brennan, P.M. Dierks Improving biocontrol of Plutella xylostella Diamondback moth parasitoid survey in Central Brazil 216 MA Medeiros, M. Castelo Branco, G.LVillas Boas, F.H. França, LO. Nascimento Seasonal rates of parasitism of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) in subsistence cabbage crops in the Eastern Cape, South Africa 219 N. Mkize, M.H. Villet Evaluation of a naturally occurring baculovirus for the management of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), in Kenya 222 W.O. Ogutu, G.I. Oduor, M. Parnell, D.W. Miano, C.K.P.O. Ogol, D. Grywacz, J. Poole Morphological and genetic differentiation of five populations of Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) a parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from différent geographical origins 229 C. Rincon, L. Arvanitakis, A.A. Kirk, D. Bordât Cross-institutional co-operation in the development of new Bacillus thuringiensis products in Vietnam 237 0. Skovmand, N. Thi Hoai Tram, D. Thi Thanh Huyen, N. Thanh Ha, N. Giang Lien, N. Thi Hoai Ha, Le Van Trinh Biological control of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), in cabbage fields in the Eastern Cape, South Africa 242 T.J. Smith, M.H. Villet Biological control of Plutella xylostella {L): Sélection of the best Trichogramma strains based on biological characteristics 246 E. Tabone, C. Bardon, N. Lezcano, B. Pintureau, L. Lapchin Insecticide impact on natural populations of parasitoids associated with diamondback moth in Central Brazil 249 G.L. Villas Boas, M.A. de Medeiros, M. Castelo Branco, JAO. Paulo, R.G. Monnerat, F.H. França Molecular identification of Diadegma species (Ichneumonidae) parasitising diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Plutellidae) in eastern and southem Africa 252 B. Wagener, B. Lôhr, A. Reineke, C.P.W. Zebitz Control of diamondback moth using IPM in vegetable brassica crops in New Zealand 257 G. Walker, R.Bush, P.Prasad Biological and molecular characterisation of granuloviruses isolated from diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, Plutellidae) in Kenya 263 D.T. Woodward, D. Gryzwacz, D. Winstanley Egg parasitoids of Plutella xylostella (L.) in South China 267 H. Yurong, C. Kewei, P. Xiongfei Proceedings of the international symposium, Montpellier, France, 21-24 October2002 Improving biocontrol of Plutella xylostella Préface Plutella xylostella (DBM) is the most cosmopolitan of pests and has spread, in part naturally by wind aided movement, and by the hand of man, to ail those parts of the planet where crucifers are grown as crops or exist as wild plants. It is résistant to many pesticides and some biologically based toxins. Hence biological control has been used both as a component of IPM programs designed to manage Plutella and on its own to reduce DBM populations to an acceptable level. The results hâve been varied, with good success in some areas and complète failure in others. How can the biological control of DBM be improved? The Symposium "Improving biocontrol of Plutella" springs from an idea put forward by Garry Hill (CABI), and Dominique Bordât (CIRAD) in 1999. Sixty-one delegates from 25 countries attended the CIRAD/USDA International Symposium held in Montpellier from 21-24 October2002. Keynote speakers presented reviews on the eurent status of Plutella in différent parts of the world, pathogens as biocontrol organisms, and classical systematics of parasitoids. The différent topics are arranged into 8 chapters beginning with a global perspective on biological control of DBM (Chapter 1). Chapter 2 discusses Hymenoptera as biocontrol agents of DBM and reviews current parasitoid taxonomy. Chapter 3 discusses the raie of entomopathogens in DBM biological control. The review covers each pathogen group, advances achieved and their contribution to the biocontrol of DBM. Chapter 4 reviews biological control of DBM in Africa where although ranked as the most destructive crucifer pest, yield loss information is lacking. Very high parasitoid diversity was recorded from South Africa and current biocontrol work in Africa is discussed. Chapter 5 reports on the biocontrol of DBM in South and Central America. DBM causes immense damage to crucifers in the région and the review highlights attempts to control it using biocontrol and sélective insecticides which conserve biocontrol agents. The North America review