BELIZE TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT MITIGATION Identification and Prioritization of Mitigation Technologies for Belize FINAL REPORT September 26th, 2017 BELIZE TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT – MITIGATION: Identification and Prioritization of Mitigation Technologies for Belize Technology Needs Assessment Climate Change Adaptation Report National Climate Change Office Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry, the Environment and Sustainable Development 2 Slim Lane Forest Drive Belmopan, Belize This report was prepared for the Government of Belize with funding from the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) with support from the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) in Partnership with the University of Denmark (DTU/UDP). Copyright © 2017 National Climate Change Office, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry, the Environment and Sustainable Development, Belize and UNEP-DTU. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. 2 BELIZE TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT – MITIGATION: Identification and Prioritization of Mitigation Technologies for Belize BELIZE TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FINAL REPORT Mitigation September 26th, 2017 3 BELIZE TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT – MITIGATION: Identification and Prioritization of Mitigation Technologies for Belize Acknowledgements This report was developed with the expert support and coordination of the United Nations Environmental Programme and the University of Denmark Partnership (UNEP DTU), and the Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean in Argentina, as well as the National Climate Change Office in Belize, and many experts representing the government service, members of the Belize National Climate Change Committee, the TNA Belize project consulting group, non- governmental organizations, community-based organizations and the private sector. Their active participation and their willingness to share their expertise and recommendations during the first phase of the Technology Needs Assessment for the selection of vulnerable sectors for technology transfer, and the review and successful prioritization of six mitigation technologies, facilitated the successful completion of the process. We are grateful to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry, the Environment and Sustainable Development; The Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, and Public Utilities; The Department of Transport; The Ministry of Labour, Local Government, and Rural Development; The Forest Department; Bureau of Standards; The Department of the Environment; Public Health, Ministry of Health; Ministry of Economic Development and Commerce; Customs & Excise Department; Development Finance Corporation; The University of Belize; Programme for Belize; Friends for Conservation and Development; Pro Solar Limited; Tomza Limited; Belize Trade and Investment Development Service; Chairman, Association of Bus Operators; and Belize Electric Company Limited (BECOL); and several other agencies and persons that provided support in one form or the other. Special thanks are extended to the TNA Lead Consultant and his team. Coordinators Mr. Lennox Gladden Director of the National Climate Change Office, Belize Mr. Colin Mattis Assistant TNA Coordinator Lead Author Mr. Ramón Frutos Lead Consultant, Eco Solutions and Services UNEP DTU Team Mr. Gordon Mackenzie UDP, UNEP DTU Partnership Fundación Bariloche UNEP Regional Office, Argentina 4 BELIZE TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT – MITIGATION: Identification and Prioritization of Mitigation Technologies for Belize Table of Contents Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Glossary of Terms ....................................................................................................................................... 13 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 20 1.1 The Belize Technology Needs Assessment Project ............................................................................... 20 1.2 National Policies and Regional Initiatives on Climate Change .............................................................. 21 1.2.1 National Sustainable Tourism Master Plan of Belize 2030 ....................................................... 23 1.2.2 Growth and Sustainable Development Strategy 2015–2017 .................................................... 24 1.2.3 National Climate Change Policy, Strategy and Action Plan 2015 .............................................. 26 1.2.4 Belize’s Nationally Determined Contributions .......................................................................... 30 1.2.5 Low Carbon Development Roadmap ........................................................................................ 30 1.2.6 Horizon 2030 ............................................................................................................................. 31 1.2.7 National Energy Policy Framework 2011‐2012 ......................................................................... 33 1.2.8 Belize Sustainable Energy Roadmap to 2035 ............................................................................ 33 1.2.9 Implementing CARICOM’s “Regional Framework for Achieving Development Resilient to Climate Change” ............................................................................................................................ 34 1.2.10 The Paris Agreement ............................................................................................................... 37 1.2.11 Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions ............................................................................. 37 1.2.12 Motor Vehicle and Road Traffic Act, Revised Edition 2000 .................................................... 39 1.3 National Circumstances ........................................................................................................................ 39 1.3.1 Physical Features ....................................................................................................................... 39 1.4 The National Climate Change Office ................................................................................................... 61 1.4.1 The Third National Communication .......................................................................................... 61 1.5 Climate Change and Impacts on Vulnerable Sectors ............................................................................ 64 1.5.1 Expected climate change impacts ............................................................................................. 64 1.5.2 Signs of Climate Change ............................................................................................................ 64 1.5.3 Climate Model projections ........................................................................................................ 71 1.5.4 Major projects and programs to combat climate change ......................................................... 74 1.5.5 Climate Change Impacts on Health ........................................................................................... 78 1.5.6 Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture .................................................................................... 79 1.5.7 Coastal Zone .............................................................................................................................. 80 1.5.8 Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries........................................................................................ 81 1.5.9 Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources .......................................................................... 81 1.5.10 Climate Change Impact on Tourism ........................................................................................ 82 1.5.11 Climate Change Impact on Energy ...................................................................................... 83 5 BELIZE TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT – MITIGATION: Identification and Prioritization of Mitigation Technologies for Belize 1.5.12 Climate Change Impact on Transport and Road Infrastructure .............................................. 84 1.5.13 Climate Change and Land Use, Land Use Change and Agroforestry ..................................... 85 1.6 Process and Results of Sector Selection ............................................................................................... 87 1.7 Revised Mitigation Technology Selection and MCA Process ................................................................ 90 1.7.1 Mitigation Factsheets ................................................................................................................ 90 1.7.2 Consultations for the Mitigation Technologies ......................................................................... 91 CHAPTER 2. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR THE TNA AND STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT ......... 96 2.1 Key National Institutions in Climate Change Policy Making and their Role