THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES OF RAS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHANGES: FACTS, TRENDS, FORECAST 1 (25) 2013 The journal is published according to the decision of RAS economic institutions’ administration in the North-West federal district Institute of Socio-Economic and Energy Problems of the North Komi scientific centre of the Ural RAS department (Komi Republic) Institute of Economics of Karelian scientific centre of RAS (Karelia Republic) G.P. Luzin Institute of Economic Problems of Kola scientific centre of RAS (the Murmansk Oblast) Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of RAS (the Vologda Oblast) and according to the decision of St. Petersburg State University of Engineering and Economics administration and other RF regions Institute of Social and Economic Research of Ufa Science Centre of RAS (Bashkortostan Republic) Institute of Economics, the Research of the Ural RAS department (the Sverdlovsk Oblast) The decision of Presidium of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian MES (№6/6, dated 19.02.2010) the journal is included in the list of leading scientific editions, recommended for publication of the main results of dissertations for the degree of Doctor and Candidate of Sciences. Editorial council: RAS academician V.L. Makarov (Moscow, Russia) RAS academician V.V. Ivanter (Moscow, Russia) RAS academician V.V. Okrepilov (St. Petersburg, Russia) RAS academician A.I. Tatarkin (Yekaterinburg, Russia) Belarus NAS academician P.A. Vityaz (Minsk, Belarus) Belarus NAS academician P.G. Nikitenko (Minsk, Belarus) RAS corresponding member V.N. Lazhentsev (Syktyvkar, Russia) Professor J. Sapir (Paris, France) Doctor of Economics, professor S.D. Valentey (Moscow, Russia) Doctor of Economics, professor D.A. Gaynanov (Ufa, Russia) Doctor of Economics, professor A.E. Dayneko (Minsk, Belarus) Doctor of Economics, professor V.A. Ilyin (Vologda, Russia) Professor M. Kivinen (Helsinki, Finland) Doctor of Sociology, professor I.V. Kotlyarov (Minsk, Belarus) Doctor of Economics, professor S.V. Kuznetsov (St. Petersburg, Russia) Doctor of Economics, professor F.D. Larichkin (Apatity, Russia) Doctor of Economics, professor I.A. Maksimtsev (St. Petersburg, Russia) Doctor of Technics, professor A.V. Putilov (Moscow, Russia) Doctor of Technical Sciences Yu.Ya. Chukreev (Syktyvkar, Russia) Doctor of Technics, professor A.I. Shishkin (Petrozavodsk, Russia) Doctor, professor Zhang Shuhua (Beijing, China) Professor Wu Enyuan (Beijing, China) Chief editor – V.A. Ilyin Editorial board: Doctor of Economics, professor L.A. Anosova Doctor of Economics, professor A.G. Vorobyov Doctor of Economics, professor E.S. Gubanova Ph.D. in History K.A. Gulin (deputy chief editor) Ph.D. in Economics K.A. Zadumkin, Ph.D. in Economics G.V. Leonidova Ph.D. in Economics M.F. Sychev (deputy chief editor) Ph.D. in Economics S.V. Terebova Doctor of Economics T.V. Uskova, Doctor of Economics A.A. Shabunova Opinions presented in the articles can differ from the editorial board’s point of view Authors of the articles are responsible for the material selected and stated. ISSN 2307-0331 © ISEDT RAS, 2013 Internet address: http://esc.vscc.ac.ru CONTENT FROM THE CHIEF EDITOR Ilyin V.A. Page unturned ................................................................................................... 5 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Glazyev S.Yu., Fetisov G.G. On the strategy of sustainable development of Russia’s economy .................................................................................. 18 Povarova А.I. Regional budget for 2013 – 2015: stability or survival? ............................... 29 Vasilyev A.M. Comprehensive approach to arranging marine economy in the Western Arctic ................................................................................. 47 Aliyev A.B. Innovation factors in the country’s economic security management system .... 56 Milashevich Ye.А. Framework of harmonization and unification of external economic relations between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation in the context of Russia’s accession to WTO .............................................. 65 BRANCH-WISE ECONOMY Chayka L.V. Spatial aspects of electric power industry development in Russia’s European North ...................................................................... 72 Nemkovich Ye.G., Kurilo A.Ye. Transformation of machine building of the Republic of Karelia ......................................................................... 85 Avetisyan I.A. The problems of financing of higher education in modern Russia .............. 94 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Tikhomirova V.V. Methodology and mechanisms of funding the social welfare system in the Northern regions ...........................................................................107 Shabunova A.A., Morev M.V. Vologda residents’ notions of happiness .............................119 Kondakova N.A. Health and living conditions of the rising generation ............................131 YOUNG RESEARCHERS Popov A.V. Ty pology of employees as a tool of labour behaviour management ................141 Mironenko N.V. Tools for state regulation of the region’s agriculture ..............................154 Mazilov Ye.A. Industrial policy as a mechanism of regional development ........................164 Gisin L.M. Influence of capital and costs on the evaluation of transfer prices ..................171 Ilyin P.V. Foreign experience of technology transfer and its application in Russia .......... 180 Information about authors ........................................................................................... 186 Requirements to manuscripts ....................................................................................... 190 Subscription information .............................................................................................. 192 FROM THE CHIEF EDITOR Page unturned The year has passed since the presidential candidate and the RF Prime Minister Vladimir V. Putin spoke at the conference of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs on February 9, 2012. In his speech Vladimir V. Putin clearly identified the main causes of high social tension in the country, perhaps, for the first time since 2000: “…what was going on in Russia in the 1990s. We have spoken a Vladimir A. ILYIN great deal about this, and we know that business back then amounted to Doctor of Economics, nothing more than slicing up the state-owned pie”; Professor, Honoured Scientist of the Russian “…certainly, we need to turn this page as well… We need to close this Federation, Director of period. There are different ways to do this. We need to discuss them with ISEDT RAS, Chairman society and with experts, but we must do so in such a way that society of the Public Chamber agrees with the resolution of problems dating back to the 1990s, including in the Vologda Oblast patently unfair privatization and auctions of all kinds”; [email protected] “…what we absolutely have to do is ensure public legitimacy of the [email protected] institute of private property and public trust in business. Otherwise we will not be able to develop a modern market economy, let alone create a healthy civil society” “…key steps should be taken in 2012”1. The first ten months of Vladimir Putin’s presidency have passed, and it can be noted that there were no specific instructions aimed at solving one of the most fundamental problems of modern Russian society – socially unfair privatization of state property. They were given neither in the first President’s Executive Orders (dated on May 7, 2012) nor in his Address to the Federal Assembly (12 December 2012). In the Address to the Federal Assembly Vladimir V. Putin noted that “the high degree of offshore investments and ownerships in the Russian economy is an absolute fact” and “we are to strive for offshore transparency”. But no variants to “close” the problems of the 1990s were given for the society to discuss, which dealt with “patently unfair privatization and auctions of all kinds”. 1 The speech of V.V. Putin at the conference of the Russian Union of Indu- strialists and Entrepreneurs, February 9, 2012.Official site of V.V. Putin. Available at: http://premier.gov.ru/events/news/18052/ Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast 1 (25) 2013 5 Page unturned Unfair privatization of the 1990s became in 2011 as compared with 2000 (in constant the basis for the formation of an oligarchic prices), and the share of mineral extraction tax and corrupt system of the state, which brought and foreign economic activity revenues in the up the modern political elite and led to an budget increased from 20% to 58.7%4. unprecedented income inequality among At the same time, the government Russia’s citizens. In Russia, 1% of oligarchs continued to retreat under the pressure of and large owners account for about 40% of the oligarchs and international financial national income, while 1% of the richest speculators. people in the United States accounts for 8% of Thus, the last restrictions on foreign national income. Thus, inequality degree is 5 exchange regulation were canceled in Russia – 10 times higher in Russia than in the USA2. in 2006, which dramatically accelerated the According to one renowned politician, capital outflow from the country5. “…the state power in Russia was forcing against According to experts, federal and regional Russia speaking on behalf of Russia during the budgets lose up to 50% of tax revenues due last decades”3. to different