Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Theses Theses and Dissertations Spring 2014 THE GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK OF ACOMA PUEBLO AND ITS CULTURAL ONTEC XT: A WESTERN & NATIVE PERSPECTIVE Darryl Reano Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Reano, Darryl, "THE GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK OF ACOMA PUEBLO AND ITS CULTURAL CONTEXT: A WESTERN & NATIVE PERSPECTIVE" (2014). Open Access Theses. 241. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/241 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. i THE GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK OF ACOMA PUEBLO AND ITS CULTURAL CONTEXT: A WESTERN & NATIVE PERSPECTIVE A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Darryl Reano In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science May 2014 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii I dedicate this thesis and all of the work that it represents to my family who have always been there for me. I love all of you and I will always be here for you. Duu shiino’meh Shuu’dti Mutd’th d’at eh sh’esh, Ba-ba Mii’titsa eh tseh’ wah hou’rh sha’wiit’ta’a eh tseh tsii’ nuu’shru meh’tsrh’trneh’sheh eh tse noh’druu’mih tsi howh’ween’ah Bah’gai’meh’eh du’maa’tsi’ni’hih howh-bah Ah’muu nay’atrh’th dru’mah, ah’muu nii’trh’ duu’mah, Ba-ba Gai’meh’eh nu’mah dst’eh, Stsah’nee’duu ushraath’th duu’ku mah’nii Yu’nah buu’ni-ya tsuni-ya tzuu’sth Gai’meh’eh nuu’mah’ntsi duu’mah, Eh’meh’eh tsu’tsah’ nah’du’meh’trsth’eh d’aii Shuu’dti eh sh’esh Bah’dtu’mah’tuh’nee Gai’meh’eh ah’muu nii’trh duu’mah iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to acknowledge all of my family at both Acoma Pueblo and Santo Domingo Pueblo for keeping me in their prayers and giving me the strength to finish this program. I would not be here without the love and support of my parents, Dean Reano, Sr. and Divine Routzen-Reano, my sister, Juanita Argüello, my brothers, Damian Reano, Dominique Reano, and Dean Reano, Jr. I also acknowledge my other Mom, Rose Catherine Routzen, and Grandma, Labraida Mae Routzen, both of whom taught me to respect the Earth, pray for others, and to always come home. I would not have been part of this program without the outstanding support of my advisor, Ken Ridgway. He has always been available for academic and non-academic advising. He helped guide my development as a researcher and as a student of the Earth. I will always be grateful for the Universe allowing our paths to cross. My committee members, Jon Harbor and Dan Shepardson, were also integral to my success and I appreciate all of their time spent going over ideas. I would also like to acknowledge the many friends who have offered their time and support throughout my time spent, so far, at Purdue: Danny Kincade, Tenille Medley, Alexandra Dewitt, Claire Bailey, Therese Salameh, Kimberle Davis, Patrick Brennan, Mike King, Felica Ahasteen-Bryant, Haylee Dickinson, Tommy Lovell, Wendell iv Walters, Peter Robertson, Wai Allen, Ian Pope, Colleen Milbury, Leslie Villalobos, Rachel Gipe, Cecille Villanueva, Robin Blomdin, Yaling Liu, Chang Liao, Olivia Miller, Christy Gibson, Casey Beel, Feng Yu, David Mase, Christopher Roemmele, Angus Moore, Andrea Orton, Chen Chen, Kyle Bemis, Hailey Bryant, Robin Ridgway, and many others. Lastly, this research could not have been completed without the financial support of the following sources: Alfred P. Sloan Indigenous Graduate Program, American Indian Science and Engineering Society, Arizona LaserChron Center, Purdue Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Department, and the Society for the Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in the Sciences. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ viii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ ix CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2. THE GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK AT ACOMA PUEBLO: LOCAL CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENT AND PROVENANCE ............................................................ 4 2.1 Abstract ............................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Geologic Setting .................................................................................................. 9 2.4 Stratigraphic Data & Interpretations ................................................................ 13 2.5 Detrital Zircon Analysis & Provenance ............................................................. 18 2.5.1 Methods ........................................................................................................ 18 2.5.2 U-Pb Detrital Zircon Age Distribution and Maximum Depositional Ages ..... 20 2.5.3 Potential Source Areas .................................................................................. 25 2.6 Results ................................................................................................................ 28 2.7 Discussion .......................................................................................................... 30 2.7.1 Common Peak Ages ...................................................................................... 30 2.7.2 Unique Peak Ages ......................................................................................... 31 2.7.3 Major Trends and Interpretations ................................................................ 32 2.8 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 40 2.9 List of References .............................................................................................. 42 vi Page CHAPTER 3. CONNECTIONS BETWEEN GEOLOGY AND CULTURE AT ACOMA PUEBLO, NM ................................................................................ 51 3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 51 3.2 Place-Based Education at Acoma Pueblo ......................................................... 53 3.3 Broader Implications ......................................................................................... 55 3.4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 57 3.5 List of References .............................................................................................. 58 APPENDIX .......................................................................................................................... 60 vii LIST OF TABLES Appendix Table ..............................................................................................................Page A.1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….60 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure .............................................................................................................................Page Chapter 2 1 Location Map of Acoma Pueblo, NM .............................................................................. 6 2 Geologic Map of Acoma Pueblo, NM ............................................................................. 7 3 Major Mesozoic Paleogeographic Elements .................................................................. 10 4 Field Outcop Photos ....................................................................................................... 14 5 Compiled Measured Section .......................................................................................... 19 6 Full Probability Plots (3250 Ma – 0 Ma) ....................................................................... 21 7 Phanerozoic Probability Plots (550 Ma – 0 Ma) ............................................................ 22 8 Source Terrane Map ....................................................................................................... 26 Paleogeographic Reconstructions 9 Callovian (Entrada Sandstone) ...................................................................................... 34 10 Callovian-Oxfordian (Zuni Sandstone) ........................................................................ 35 11 Kimmeridgian-Tithonian (Morrison Formation) ......................................................... 36 12 Cenomanian (Dakota Sandstone) ................................................................................. 37 Chapter 3 1 Comparison of Western and Native Perspectives of Stratigraphy ................................. 54 ix ABSTRACT Reano, Darryl. M.S., Purdue University, May 2014. The Geologic Framework of Acoma Pueblo and Its Cultural Context: A Western & Native Perspective. Major Professor: Kenneth Ridgway. The sequence of sedimentary rocks at Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico, are important both in terms of their cultural significance for the Native people of Acoma Pueblo and the insight they provide into the long term geologic