Perspective Plan of Chandrapur District, Maharashtra (November 2005) Prepared by In collaboration with District Planning Town & Country Planning Office Organisation Ministry of Urban Development Chandrapur District Government of India Maharashtra ‘E’-Block, Vikas Bhawan, I.P. Estate, New Delhi-110002 Contents Page No. Preface Planning Team List of Figures List of Tables Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Chandrapur District 5 Chapter 3 Physiography 9 Chapter 4 Population Characterstics 15 Chapter 5 Economy 43 Chapter 6 Social Infrastructure 92 Chapter 7 Settlement Pattern 126 Chapter 8 Environmental Problems 143 Chapter 9 Development Administration 151 Chapter 10 Strategy for Development 167 Perspective Plan of Chandrapur District, Maharashtra TCPO PREFACE The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts have ushered in a new era of decentralised and democratic process of planning and development in India where district is a key unit in the multi-level planning system. The Acts have bestowed the planning functions at the grass root level by assigning them the authority to prepare plans for panchayats and municipalities. Town and Country Planning Organisation at the level of Central Government provide technical assistance to the state governments and union territories in the context of urban and regional planning and development. This organisation has prepared a number of regional plans and development plans for towns, on the behalf of various state government. The preparation of a perspective plan for Chandrapur district was taken up in consultation with the Government of Maharashtra. Chandrapur district is located in the south eastern part of Maharashtra. Chandrapur city is one of the important regional cities in Vidharbha region after Nagpur owing to its administrative, industrial, commercial services and institutional functions at regional level. The district, although located in a forest area, possess high potential for development in the sectors of agriculture and allied activities, transport, tourism and other services, higher education, specialised health services and industries based on resource, skill as well as modern knowledge based industries. The present exercise is an attempt to prepare a perspective plan for Chandrapur district, which is based on the detailed studies of resources and various sectors of economy and development activities. The perspective plan provides broad directions of development in the various sectors and a spatial framework of the urban and rural settlements in the district indicating the future functional hierarchy of the settlements in the district. The District Planning Committee may consider using this plan as a long-term plan required to be prepared by the Committee. The perspective plan provides a viable framework of development and at the same time it is flexible enough to accommodate the varying priorities at the sub- regional level. The idea is to use the perspective plan as a prototype spatial development plan, which can be followed, in other districts with necessary modifications to suit the local conditions. Detailed plans viz., Development Plans and Annual Plans will flow from the perspective plan and will conform to the local conditions and needs. The Government of Maharashtra and particularly the Department of Planning, Govt. of Maharashtra, entrusted us with this work and helped us in the preparation of the plan. I wish to express our grateful appreciation for their help and co-operation. Shri J.P. Gupta, District Collector & Magistrate and his team of officers and staff greatly helped the planning team in the collection of data and materials for the plan from various sources and also furnished a wealth of data and materials for the plan. We are very much thankful to Shri J.P. Gupta and the officers and staff particularly Shri T.H Patel, District Planning Officer of the District Planning Office at Chandrapur. The work of preparation of the plan was carried out by Regional Planning and Environment Division headed by Shri K.K.Joadder, Town and Country Planner. I take Perspective Plan of Chandrapur District, Maharashtra TCPO the opportunity to record my appreciation of hard work put in by the planning team in the formulation of the plan in bringing out the plan document. All the members of the team enthusiastically worked in the project and made valuable contributions in various ways. Smt Abha Agarwal, Assistant Town & Country Planner, contributed in the final editing of the report and also writing chapters on settlement structure and basic facilities. Her contribution is also appreciated. I record my thanks and appreciation to all and every one involved in the preparation of the Report. New Delhi (K.T. Gurumukhi) November, 2005 Chief Planner Perspective Plan of Chandrapur District, Maharashtra TCPO PLANNING TEAM K.K. Joadder Town & Country Planner V.S. Bhatnagar P.C. Bhardwaj Senior Research Officer Public Health Engineer Dr. Santosh Vidyadharan Abha Agarwal Senior Research Officer Assistant Town & Country Planner Indira Rathore J.P.Jayant Research Assistant Planning Assistant Ash Ahuja Surinder Kumar Research Assistant Planning Assistant Narender Pal Stenographer Gr.III Perspective Plan of Chandrapur District, Maharashtra TCPO List of Figures Between Pages Figure 2.1 Regional Setting 6-7 Figure 3.1 Physiography 10-11 Figure 3.2 Soil Map 12-13 Figure 4.1 Growth of Population (1991-2001) 18-19 Figure 4.2 Density of Population (2001) 20-21 Figure 4.3 Distribution of Sex Ratio (2001) 22-23 Figure 4.4 Literacy (2001) 24-25 Figure 4.5 Levels of Urbanisation (2001) 26-27 Figure 4.6 Distribution of Scheduled Caste Population (2001) 28-29 Figure 4.7 Distribution of Scheduled Tribe Population (2001) 30-31 Figure 5.1 Land Utilisation 38-39 Figure 5.2 Distribution of Landholdings by size 42-42 Figure 5.3 Cropping Pattern 1999 44-45 Figure 5.4 Cropping Pattern 1999 46-47 Figure 5.5 Distribution of Net Irrigated Area 56-57 Figure 5.6 Distribution of Gross Irrigated Area 58-59 Figure 5.7 Irrigation Projects 68-69 Figure 5.8 Agricultural Markets and Veterinary Dispensaries 74-75 (2001) Figure 5.9 Distribution of Forests (1999) 84-85 Figure 6.1 Education and Health Facilities (2001) 93-94 Figure 6.2 Road Network 115-116 Figure 7.1 Distribution of Settlements (2001) 127-128 Figure 7.2 Existing Settlements Hierarchy 139-140 Figure 10.1 Levels of Development 168-169 Figure 10.2 Proposed Settlement Hierarchy 182-183 Perspective Plan of Chandrapur District, Maharashtra TCPO List of Tables Table Subject Page No. No. 2.1 Jurisdictional Changes in the villages of tehsils between 1991-2001 6 4.1 Decadal change in distribution of settlements, 1991-2001 15 4.2 Tehsilwise distribution of population , 2001 16 4.3 Decadal change in distribution of population, 1991-2001 16 4.4 Comparative decadal growth of population 17 4.5 Percent decadal variation of tehsilwise population, 1981-2001 17 4.6 Decadal change of population in urban settlements, 1991-2001 19 4.7 Tehsilwise population density, 1991-2001 19 4.8 Sex ratio, 1901-91 21 4.9 Distribution of tehsilwise sex ratio, 1991 & 2001 21 4.10 Town wise sex ratio, 1991-2001 22 4.11 Literacy rates by rural / urban and sex 1991-2001 23 4.12 Distribution of literacy sex wise in urban areas, 1991-2001 25 4.13 Levels of urbanisation, 1981-2001 26 4.14 Class size distribution of towns, 1991-2001 26 4.15 Town density and growth, 1991-2001 27 4.16 Tehsil wise distribution of Scheduled Caste / Scheduled Tribe population, 28 2001 4.17 Distribution of Scheduled Caste Population, 2001 28 4.18 Percentage of Scheduled Caste / Scheduled Tribe Population, 1991 29 4.19 Distribution of Scheduled Tribe Population, 2001 30 4.20 Decadal changes in distribution of Scheduled Caste / Scheduled Tribe 31 Population, 1991-2001 4.21 Proportion of SC Population to total population in the villages 31 4.22 Proportion of ST Population to total population in the villages 31 4.23 Percentage of main workers, marginal workers and non-workers, 2001 34 5.1 Distribution of Workers in nine categories of economic activities, 1991 36 5.2 Tehsilwise Distribution of Workers in nine categories of economic 37 activities, 1991 5.3 Tehsilwise distribution of persons engaged in agriculture per 100 ha of 38 cultivable area, 1991-2001 5.4 Land utilisation pattern of Chandrapur District 39 5.5 Land utilisation tehsilwise 40 5.6 Distribution of area sown more than once 40 5.7 Distribution of land holdings by size 42 5.8-A Area under Major Crops 43 5.8-B Cropping Pattern 1995-96 44 5.9 Percentage of area under cereals 1991 47 5.10 Percentage of area under pulses 1991 49 5.11 Percentage of area under spices, fruits and vegetables 1991 51 5.12 Percentage of area under oilseeds 1991 52 5.13 Percentage of area under fiber crops 1991 53 Perspective Plan of Chandrapur District, Maharashtra TCPO 5.14 Distribution of net irrigated area 1991 56 5.15 Percentage of gross irrigated area to gross cropped area 1991 57 5.16 Areawise type of irrigation 57 5.17 Cropwise distribution of gross irrigated area 1991 59 5.18 Tehsilwise crops under irrigation 1991 61 5.19 Major crops under irrigation 1991 62 5.19-A Major crops (pulses) under irrigation 1991 62 5.19-B Major crops (wheat) under irrigation 1991 63 5.19-C Major crops (jowar) under irrigation 1991 64 5.19-D Major crops (fruits & vegetables) under irrigation 1991 65 5.20 Tehsilwise irrigation potential (additional) likely to be achieved 66 5.21 Major and medium irrigation projects 67 5.22 Irrigation Projects completed as on June 2001 69 5.23 Irrigation Projects ongoing as