Interreg III B “Alpine Space” DIAMONT Data Infrastructure for the Alps / Mountain Orientated Network Technology Work Package 5: Analysing the Influence of Cultural Differences on Regional Development in the Alps Final report (revised version NOV-06) Author: Martin Boesch, FWR-HSG, CH-St. Gallen Supported by: Marco Aufdereggen, FTL-HSR, CH-Rapperswil Igor Jelen, Univ. Trieste, I-Trieste Dominik Siegrist, FTL-HSR, CH-Rapperswil CH-St. Gallen, November 2006 WP 5 Cultural Differences & Regional Development 2 Index Executive summary................................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction: The Task....................................................................................................... 7 1.1. Task and mission statement............................................................................................ 7 1.2. Main activities of Work Package 5 ................................................................................ 7 1.3. Logical structure of the scientific question .................................................................... 8 1.4. Research design............................................................................................................ 13 1.5. Procedure & Products................................................................................................... 15 2. Cultural influences, attitudes and regional development.............................................. 17 2.0. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 17 2.1. The experts view: Different approaches to regional policy in the Alps (Q I)............. 17 2.2. Influence of cultural factors (Q VI)............................................................................. 25 2.3. Influence of specific values and attitudes (Q VII) ...................................................... 30 3. Regional policy analysis.................................................................................................... 39 3.0. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 39 3.1. Strategic aspects of regional policy (Q II) .................................................................. 39 3.2. Measures and tools of regional policy (Q III) ............................................................. 47 3.3. Institutions of regional policy implementation (Q IV)................................................ 58 3.4. Financial transfers (Q V) / Dynamics of regional policy (Q VIII)............................... 66 4. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 68 Appendix ................................................................................................................................ 76 Literature ............................................................................................................................. 76 Questionnaire ...................................................................................................................... 83 Figures Fig. 1: The influence of cultural factors upon regional development ...................... 12 Fig. 2-1a: Different approaches to regional development.......................................... 19 Fig. 2-1b: Cultural reasons of regional differences.................................................... 23 Fig. 2-2a: Importance of cultural factors on regional policy & development I ......... 27 Fig. 2-2b: Importance of cultural factors on regional policy & development II........ 29 Fig. 2-3a: Importance of economic attitudes on regional policy & development...... 33 Fig. 2-3b: Importance of environmental & social attitudes on regional policy & development .............................................................................................. 35 Fig. 3-1a: Strategic approaches to Regional Policy ................................................... 46 Fig. 3-1b: Objectives of Regional Policy................................................................... 46 Fig. 3-2.1: Austria’s tools and measures..................................................................... 50 Fig. 3-2.2: France’s tools and measures...................................................................... 51 Fig. 3-2.3: Bavaria’s tools and measures .................................................................... 53 Fig. 3-2.4: Italy’s tools and measures ......................................................................... 55 Fig. 3-2.5: Slovenia's tools and measuresres............................................................... 56 Fig. 3-2.6: Switzerland’s tools and measures.............................................................. 57 Fig. 3-3.1: Austria’s most important regional policy institutions ............................... 59 Fig. 3-3.2: France’s most important regional policy institutions ................................ 61 Fig. 3-3.3: Bavaria’s most important regional policy institutions............................... 62 Fig. 3-3.4: Italy’s most important regional policy institutions.................................... 63 Fig. 3-3.5: Slovenia’s most important regional policy institutions............................. 64 Fig. 3-3.6: Switzerland’s most important regional policy institutions........................ 65 WP 5 Cultural Differences & Regional Development 3 Contents Executive summary................................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction: The Task....................................................................................................... 7 1.1. Task and mission statement............................................................................................ 7 1.2. Main activities of Work Package 5 ................................................................................ 7 1.3. Logical structure of the scientific question .................................................................... 8 1.4. Research design............................................................................................................ 13 1.5. Procedure & Products................................................................................................... 15 2. Cultural influences, attitudes and regional development.............................................. 17 2.0. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 17 2.1. The experts view: Different approaches to regional policy in the Alps (Q I)............. 17 2.1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 17 2.1.2. Different approaches in the six AC countries ....................................................... 18 2.1.3. Cultural reasons of regional differences................................................................ 20 2.1.4. Driving forces........................................................................................................ 23 2.1.5. Conclusions........................................................................................................... 24 2.2. Influence of cultural factors (Q VI)............................................................................. 25 2.2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 25 2.2.2. Language ............................................................................................................... 26 2.2.3. Minorities .............................................................................................................. 26 2.2.4. Indigenous cultures & traditional value systems................................................... 27 2.2.5. Local projects & networks .................................................................................... 28 2.2.6. Other influencing factors....................................................................................... 28 2.2.7. Conclusions........................................................................................................... 30 2.3. Influence of specific values and attitudes (Q VII) ...................................................... 30 2.3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 30 2.3.2. Economic attitudes ................................................................................................ 31 2.3.3. Environmental and social values........................................................................... 34 2.3.4. Other values........................................................................................................... 37 2.3.5. Conclusions........................................................................................................... 37 3. Regional policy analysis.................................................................................................... 39 3.0. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 39 3.1. Strategic aspects of regional policy (Q II) .................................................................. 39 3.1.1. Country summaries ..............................................................................................