Transforming Housing Heritage Projects for Regeneration of Rotterdam Feijenoord & Lombardijen RMIT graduation studio 2011-2012 W.J. Quist & L.G.K. Spoormans (eds.) Transforming Housing Heritage Projects for Regeneration of Rotterdam Feijenoord & Lombardijen W.J. Quist & L.G.K. Spoormans (eds.) Transforming Housing Heritage – Projects for Regeneration of Rotterdam Feijenoord & Lombardijen. Results of the RMIT graduation studio 2011-2012 Edited by W.J. Quist & L.G.K. Spoormans Keywords Housing, heritage, transformation, renovation, intervention, neighbourhood Publisher Delftdigitalpress.com ISBN: 978-90-5269-409-2 [email protected] © 2012 this edition: Delftdigitalpress © 2012 text and illustrations: authors Design and lay-out Studio Lampro, Karen Knols [email protected] www.rmit.tudelft.nl Invited experts: Edwin Dortland – Woonstad Niels van Ham - Woonstad Ilse Dumoulin - Havensteder Bert van Duuren - Wijkregisseur deelgemeente Feijenoord Marcel Dekker - Gebiedsmanager Lombardijen Astrid Karbaat - Advisor cultural heritage in urban planning Stadsontwikkeling Rotterdam Henk van Schagen – Architect and Veldacademie Catherine Visser - Architect DAF and program manager R70 research Wijnand Galema - Architectural Historian Katerina Loukopoulou – Student TU Delft Thaleia Konstantinou – PhD researcher TU Delft Otto Trienekens – Veldacademie Jurrian Arnold – Veldacademie Sander Smoes – Veldacademie Paul Meurs - RMIT, TU Delft Job Roos – RMIT, TU Delft Hielkje Zijlstra – RMIT, TU Delft The contribution of all invited experts and other people involved is gratefully acknowledged. About the editors Both Lidwine Spoormans and Wido Quist are trained as Architect and Building Engineer and graduated at the Faculty of Architecture of TU Delft. Lidwine Spoormans is architect and owner of Studio LS and teaches in the RMIT graduation studios. Wido Quist holds a PhD in Building Conservation and is researcher/teacher at the RMIT-department. INHOUD Introduction v Wido Quist, Lidwine Spoormans, Hielkje Zijlstra Introduction to Veldacademie and the Rotterdam Context 11 Otto Trienekens & Pieter Graaff Housing as Heritage? 15 Paul Meurs ShopHouse Transformation in Feijenoord 19 Aman Poon Simonsterrein - A Social Project 27 Theodora Chatzi Rodopoulou Diversity: Ideas and Embodiment 37 Alexandra Vlasova Liveability in Residential Urban Neighbourhoods 45 Eirini Gallou De Wijkgedachte 2012 55 Mark Radstake Green Spaces in Post-war Areas 63 Donghwa Kang Self-identification Issues in Post-war Neighbourhoods 71 Irakli Melkadze Perspectives 79 Lidwine Spoormans & Wido Quist Epilogue 118 Wido Quist & Lidwine Spoormans iii iv Introduction Projects for regeneration in Feijenoord and Lombardijen Wido Quist, Lidwine Spoormans, Hielkje Zijlstra In 2011 the RMIT-department of the Faculty of Archi- The ambition of the studio was to gain an insight in tecture of Delft University of Technology formulated origin, history, past interventions, the actual situation the ambition to be structurally involved in the transfor- and the future possibilities of a variety of typologies in mation of urban neighbourhoods in both research and the existing housing stock as a base for intervention education. This was decided upon because of the com- strategies. To connect with the real world, stakehold- plex social, spatial and physical issues that many dis- ers such as housing corporations and local authorities tricts in large cities are facing and the urge to react on were involved in the organisation of the studio. The these issues with research based design within the collaboration with Veldacademie and the input of ex- awareness of the cultural significance of those threat- perts resulted in a multidisciplinary approach. From an ened areas. RMIT wants to stress the importance of academic point of view the graduation studio already discovering degraded housing areas as potential herit- got a follow-up by comparable studios on Den Haag age This helps to change the reputation of the areas Zuidwest and several urban areas in the western part and requires a new our attitude towards regeneration. of Amsterdam. The mentioned complexity fits perfectly in the mis- This introduction sets the academic context in sion of RMIT, i.e. aiming at multidisciplinary research, which the graduation studio on Rotterdam Zuid took product development and knowledge transfer in the place and introduces the most important aspects of fields of modification, intervention and transformation the conducted research and the created designs. of the built environment. By linking academia with pro- fessionals in the field RMIT aims at innovation in both RMIT education education and research. Therefore RMIT and Veldacad- Architecture students are introduced to RMIT in the emie joined forces and started a graduation studio on first year of the bachelor programme and can develop “Transforming the Housing Heritage of Feijenoord and their skills by means of a minor in their third year. In Lombardijen”. This book presents the results of this the graduation year they consider their further study studio. Because of the different backgrounds of the options. These include the RMIT Master: ‘Design with students, being Chinese, Dutch, Georgian, Greek, Kore- History’. The RMIT master variant (part of the Archi- an and Russian the research and the design proposals tecture master track) covers the basic aspects during show some out-of-the-box-thinking that is very the first term, which the students can develop further inspiring. in the second term. Next, they combine practical and Transforming Housing Heritage W.J. Quist & L.G.K. Spoormans (eds.) © 2012 Delftdigitalpress and authors v Figure 1 Both Feijenoord and Lombardijen were selected for the graduation studio (maps.google.com). theoretical aspects with ‘design through research’ and Graduation studio ‘research through design’ at the RMIT graduation labo- ratory. From the beginning the Veldacademie, based in Rotter- Education & Research, theory and practice, preser- dam was a partner in this project and therefor the vation and intervention are all subjects relevant to all graduation studio focused on Rotterdam. In consulta- three forms of education (lectures, assignments and tion with Veldacademie, housing corporations and the projects). RMIT covers three levels of scale of architec- municipality, Feijenoord and Lombardijen as important tural assignments: Modification: from brick to building, areas of Rotterdam-Zuid were set as study areas, see Intervention: from building to town and Transforma- figure 1. Actual problems, a sense of urgency, diversity tion: from town to landscape. These strands meet in of topics and the need for new strategies were leading the graduation studio: research, design, through con- in the choice of projects to be studied. The involve- text, with history, via objects, down to details. The fi- ment of Veldacademie in this graduation studio will be nal graduation project is a complex transformation highlighted in the first chapter of this book. brief, which combines all aspects of the RMIT levels of Feijenoord was the first Rotterdam expansion area scale and areas of expertise. on the Southbank and housing arose in the nineteenth Throughout their education, students build up the century. In the seventies and eighties of the twentieth knowledge and expertise to look beyond their bounda- century during the “Stadsvernieuwing” (Urban Renew- ries. The RMIT education programme aims to present a al), demolition, renovation and rebuilding resulted in broad perspective on current professional practice in today’s social housing stock. Feijenoord is seen as a design and research. In their graduation projects, stu- deprived urban area and social and safety issues are dents have to be able to develop the synthesis neces- the main themes. Research started by studying all lay- sary to respond effectively to the brief which they de- ers of physical and cultural history in the development fined themselves. They learn that by asking the right of Feijenoord. Lombardijen is a post-war expansion questions at the right time. RMIT provides the tools to area, mainly existing of large-scale repetitive housing study by using this perspective. blocks, built by industrial building systems. In this neighbourhood different dwelling typologies have been studied such as rijtjeshuizen, portiekflats and galerij- flats. Relevant themes in Lombardijen are large vi Introduction U A T Urban Architecture/ Techniques/ Building Material Who did what en why has it been Describe done the way it has been done? Preamble (T0-1) Erection (T0) Analyse the description on relations, meaning/relevance and Maintenance / extension / etc. (T1) Analyse consequences, both internal and Maintenance / extension / etc. (T2) external Current situation (T ) x Conclusions on strong points Evaluate and weak points Future (Tx+1) Figure 2 Matrix to structure research. amounts of identical typologies, energy saving, adapta- quirements and outlined the following design process. bility to ageing inhabitants, connection with service In the second quarter the students focussed on re- and facilities, social-economic issues. Research started search by design and defining the design boundaries. In by studying the history of physical and cultural devel- this timeframe research by design mainly meant the opment of the post-war “zuidelijke tuinsteden” (south- development of concepts. The definition of the design ern garden cities). project is set in dialogue with the outcomes of the analysis on urban, architectural and