Essentials of Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach, 11e James M. Henslin Chapter 7 Global Stratification © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Systems of Social Stratification • Slavery • Caste • Estate • Class • Global Stratification and the Status of Females • The Global Superclass © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Slavery • Slavery – Causes – Conditions – Bonded Labor – Slavery in the New World – Slavery Today © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Caste • India’s Religious Caste • South Africa • U.S. Racial Caste System © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. During my research in India, I interviewed this 8-year-old girl. Mahashury is a bonded laborer who was exchanged by her parents for a 2,000 rupee loan (about $14). To repay the loan, Mahashury must do construction work for one year. She will receive one meal a day and one set of clothing for the year. Because this centuries-old practice is now illegal, the master bribes Indian officials, who inform him when they are going to inspect the construction site. He then hides his bonded laborers. I was able to interview and photograph Mahashury because her master was absent the day I visited the construction site. © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. In a caste system, status is determined by birth and is lifelong. At birth, these women received not only membership in a lower caste but also, because of their gender, a predetermined position in that caste. When I photographed these women, they were carrying sand to the second floor of a house being constructed in Andhra Pradesh, India. © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Estate • Nobility • Clergy • Commoners • Women © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Class • Class System More Open • Social Mobility © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. In early industrialization, children worked alongside adults. They worked 12 hours a day Monday to Friday and 15 hours on Saturday, often in dangerous, filthy conditions. This photo was taken in 1908 at a West Virginia coal mine. © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Global Stratification and the Status of Females • Gender is Basis of Social Stratification © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Global Superclass • Richest 1,000 Have More Wealth than the 2.5 Billion Poorest People © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. What Determines Social Class? • Karl Marx: The Means of Production • Max Weber: Property, Power, and Prestige © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Karl Marx: The Means of Production • Means of Production • Bourgeoisie • Proletariat • Class Consciousness • False Class Consciousness © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Max Weber: Property, Power, and Prestige • Property • Power • Prestige • Combination © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Why Is Social Stratification Universal? • The Functionalist View: Motivating Qualified People • The Conflict Perspective: Class Conflict and Scarce Resources • Lenski’s Synthesis © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Functionalist View: Motivating Qualified People • Davis and Moore’s Explanation • Tumin’s Critique © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Conflict Perspective: Class Conflict and Scarce Resources • Mosca’s Argument • Marx’s Argument • Current Applications of Conflict Theory © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Lenski’s Synthesis • Surplus is the Key © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. How Do Elites Maintain Stratification? • Soft Control Versus Force – Controlling People’s Ideas – Controlling Information – Stifling Criticism – Big Brother Technology © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Comparative Social Stratification • Social Stratification in Great Britain • Social Stratification in the Former Soviet Union © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Global Stratification: Three Worlds • The Most Industrialized Nations • The Industrializing Nations • The Least Industrialized Nations • Modifying the Model © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. How Did the World’s Nations Become Stratified? • Colonialism • World System Theory • Culture of Poverty • Evaluating the Theories © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Maintaining Global Stratification • Neocolonialism • Multinational Corporations • Technology and Global Domination © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Strains in the Global System • Contradictions Threaten Failure or Collapse © 2015, 2013, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved..