Edited by ANDREA BÖLCSKEI OLIVIU FELECAN PAVEL ŠTĚPÁN Debrecen–Helsinki 2018 Onomastica Uralica President of the editorial board István Hoffmann, Debrecen Co-president of the editorial board Terhi Ainiala, Helsinki Editorial board Tatyana Dmitrieva, Yekaterinburg Sándor Maticsák, Debrecen Kaisa Rautio Helander, Irma Mullonen, Petrozavodsk Guovdageaidnu Aleksej Musanov, Syktyvkar Marja Kallasmaa, Tallinn Peeter Päll, Tallinn Nina Kazaeva, Saransk Janne Saarikivi, Helsinki Lyudmila Kirillova, Izhevsk Valéria Tóth, Debrecen Technical editor Edit Marosi Cover design and typography József Varga The volume was published under the auspices of the Research Group on Hungarian Language History and Toponomastics (University of Debrecen–Hungarian Academy of Sciences) as well as the project International Scientific Cooperation for Exploring the Toponymic Systems in the Carpathian Basin (ID: NRDI 128270, supported by National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, Hungary). It was supported by the International Council of Onomastic Sciences as well as the University of Debrecen. The papers of the volume were peer-reviewed by Pierre-Henri Billy, Václav Blažek, Daniela Butnaru, Richard Coates, Vlad Cojocaru, Jaroslav David, Tamás Farkas, János N. Fodor, Milan Harvalík, Tiina Laansalu, Katharina Leibring, Přemysl Mácha, Mikel Martínez Areta, Gábor Mikesy, Béla Pokoly, Martina Ptáčníková, Marie Rieger, Ivan Roksandic, Maggie Scott, Paula Sjöblom, Mariann Slíz, Michel Tamine. The studies are to be found on the following website http://mnytud.arts.unideb.hu/onomural/ ISSN 1586-3719 (Print), ISSN 2061-0661 (Online) ISBN 978-963-318-660-2 Published by Debrecen University Press, a member of the Hungarian Publishers’ and Booksellers’ Association established in 1975. Managing Publisher: Gyöngyi Karácsony, Director General Printed by Kapitális Nyomdaipari és Kereskedelmi Bt. Contents IsTVÁN HoffmANN–VALérIA TóTH Theoretical Issues in Toponym Typology ............................................... 7 mELINdA szőkE The Textual Positioning of Toponyms in Latin Language Medieval Hungarian Charters................................... 31 éva koVÁcs Settlement names referring to the natural environment ......................... 45 HArALd BIcHLmEIEr Archaische Fluss- und Ortsnamen in Mitteleuropa aus Sicht der modernen Indogermanistik ............................................................... 57 rita Póczos Parallele Erklärungsmöglichkeiten für alte Gewässernamen ................. 75 EILA WILLIAmsoN Names of Salmon Pools in Berwickshire .............................................. 87 VALérIA TóTH Systemic Relations between Anthroponyms and Toponyms in Old Hungarian .................................................................................... 101 Pavel ŠTĕPÁN Systematic Relationships Between Toponyms and Anthroponyms in Czech ......................................................................... 111 JAAkko rAuNAmAA Pre-Christian Finnic anthroponyms in Finnish village names ................ 121 UNNI LEINO Overlap in present-day Finnish place names, given names, and surnames .......................................................................................... 137 HALszkA GórNy Polish Name-Based Toponyms from Historical and Cultural Perspective ................................................................................ 149 sofIA EVEmALm Murders, Drownings, and other Deaths: The Cultural Norms of Explaining Anthropo-Toponyms ........................................................ 163 IKER SALABERRI Aspiration in baskischen Orts- und Personennamen: ihre Bedeutung für Sprachwandel und -typologie ................................. 173 Contents 4 THomAs sToLz–NataliyA LEVkoVycH–INGo H. WArNkE Anthroponymic constituents of colonial toponyms – a comparison of Netherlands New Guinea and Portuguese Timor (as of 1955) .......... 189 PAuL WoodmAN Central Europe: myth or reality? ........................................................... 211 ANDREA BÖLCSKEI Central Europe as a historical, cultural, social and geopolitical concept today ..................................................................... 235 cHrIsTIAN zschiescHANG Language contact and geographic names in different regions of East Central Europe ........................................................................... 253 JusTyNA B. WALkoWIAk Lithuanian anthroponymic heritage in Poland ....................................... 267 mILAN HArvalík Czech First Names of Foreign Origin as Witnesses of Multicultural Contacts in Central Europe .......................................... 281 OLIVIU FELECAN Transylvania – A Toponymic Perspective .............................................. 289 AdELINA EmILIA mIHALI The Influence of the Hungarian Language on the Toponymy of the north of Maramureș, Romania ..................................................... 301 Anita rÁcz Chronologie relative des types de toponymes ........................................ 315 mIcHEL A. rateau La base « hongr- » et ses variantes en onomastique française ............... 329 BrITTNEE LEysEN-ross Introduced Pākehā place-names in New Zealand’s Otago region .......... 353 INGE særHEIm Galten, Oksa and Porthunden – the boar, the bull and the watchdog. Words for domestic animals – taboo in coastal naming? ....................... 367 WoLfGANG AHrENs–sHEILA EmBLEToN Parish Names in the English-Speaking Caribbean ................................ 379 mats WAHLBErG Local, National and International Features of Swedish Street-Names .......................................................................................... 397 Contents 5 AdrIANA LImA–PatrIcIA cArvalhinhos Toponymic Inflation: When the Politics Dilates Names. The Bridges of São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil) ....................................... 405 Authors of the Volume ................................................................................ 415 István Hoffmann–Valéria Tóth Theoretical Issues in Toponym Typology* 1. Genesis and Changes of Toponyms When discussing the genesis of and changes in the toponyms of any language, researchers can fundamentally rely on two types of source materials. The toponymic data themselves are available as direct sources. This source material is represented by the entire modern toponymicon and the toponymic data that have survived in a variety of documents (including medieval charters, maps, and other written linguistic records). Besides this, however, one can also rely on the general findings of name theory as an indirect source regarding place- naming and name usage when looking for information on the genesis and changes of toponyms in a particular era. In our paper we introduce findings on place-naming, name usage, and name changes from toponymic data recorded in both modern language and medieval sources, building on the general principles of name theory. The data studied and used as illustrations are Hungarian toponyms, yet the conclusions drawn also have implications for onomastics in general. As the statement of the problem, we start our overview with data from medieval charters as through their explanation we can highlight various disputed issues related to the field (often reaching well beyond the scope of onomastic research). Then, we will introduce those general (in our opinion: universal) name theory tenets on the basis of which we can successfully complete the linguistic analysis of specific name data with regard to name-giving and name changes for any era (and in any languages) in the history of the toponymic system. Meanwhile, we also attempt to use the modern toponymic corpus as it enables us to study the various processes while eliminating the temporal distance. We present the general questions related to name-giving, name usage, and name changes through problems presented by toponymic data taken from four early, 11th-century charters representing the earliest age of Hungarian written records. Such name data are not informative primarily as individual names * This work was carried out as part of the Research Group on Hungarian Language History and Toponomastics (University of Debrecen–Hungarian Academy of Sciences) as well as the project International Scientific Cooperation for Exploring the Toponymic Systems in the Carpathian Basin (ID: NRDI 128270, supported by National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, Hungary). The paper is based on the authors’ plenary paper that was given at the XXVI International Congress of Onomastic Sciences. For more details see HoffmANN– rÁcz–TóTH 2017. István Hoffmann–Valéria Tóth 8 from the perspective of the subject matter at hand, but may become instructive because they also bear the general features of name types. The selected four toponyms represent different categories from the perspective of their genesis and typology, and this circumstance fundamentally defines not only the course of their linguistic life, but also the conclusions that may be drawn from them. In order to specify what kind of general problems these specific cases represent for name theory, first of all, we have to see how their position as well as their value as linguistic and possibly ethnic sources are regarded in the fields of onomastics and history, the latter also building on the findings of the former. Balaton is the largest lake in Eastern Europe. Its name has been used in the same structural form during its entire history, and only its sound structure has changed to a degree. The bolatin ~ balatin data from the Founding Charter of the Benedictine Abbey of Tihany (1055) (szENTGyörGyI