THE MONMOUTHSHIRE ANTIQUARY VOL. XXVII 2011 CONTENTS Page ISSN 1359-9062 Foreword Annette M. Burton 3 © Monmouthshire Antiquarian Association and Contributors Gwenllian Vaughan Jones as Honorary Secretary of the Monmouthshire Antiquarian Association, 1986-2009 Christabel Hutchings 4 A Jubilee: The Monmouthshire Antiquary, 1961-2011 David H. Williams and Jeremy K. Knight 7 Clan and Continuity: Developments in 'Silurian Studies' Ray Howell 11 The Isca Praetorium Reconsidered Mark Lewis 17 Gwent Churches in the Book of Llandaff Jeremy K. Knight 35 Death, Commemoration and the Reformation in Monmouthshire Madeleine Gray 43 A Tale of Lost Knights: Thirteenth-Century Effigies in Mark Redknap, with Tintem Abbey Jana M. Horak 57 Three Visitors to Gwynllwg and Gwentland towards the End of the Middle Ages Ralph A. Griffiths 81 II David H. Williams 91 II Newport Borough Ordinances, 1711 Some Aspects of Methodism in Monmouthshire Arthur J. Edwards 103 The True Anti-Pamela: Scandal and Skulduggery in 17305 Charlotte and Julian Ross and Monmouthshire Mitchell III 'A Kind of Sacred Land': 1010 Morganwg and Monmouthshire Prys Morgan 127 Obituaries: Keith Kissack, M.B.E. Stephen Clarke Fitzroy, 5th Lord Raglan Sir Richard Hanbury- Layout by IenksDesign and Printed by Cambrian Printers, Aberystwyth Tenison and Frances Pemberton 135 Front Cover: The medieval Cistercian grange chapel of Tref-cam, Abercam Reviews: (Society of Antiquaries of London). Eurwyn Wiliam, The Welsh Cottage Bob Trett 138 Bob Trett (ed.), Newport Medieval Ship, A Guide Sian Rees 140 Kate Elliott Jones and Wendy Cope, The Swansea Wartime Diary of Laurie Latchford, 1940-1 J.R. Alban 141 II Pat Egglestone and Mark Cronk, Llanfihangel Tor-y-Mynydd, A History of the Church and Parish, vol. 4; Tim Gray and Rachel Mortell, Tovey Bros: a 150 year history in Newport. David H. Williams 142 , 43 oroperty to the abbot of Llancarfan again may suggest that DEATH, COMMEMORATION AND THE REFORMATION IN Iff, apparent later, might have gone back to the times of the MONMOUTH SHIRE By Madeleine Gray St Michael at the stony ford', subject of a charter of c.98044 unelin, a name now familiar as the modern name of the Iron One of Gwenllian Jones s greatest legacies to her adopted county has surely been the Gwent County valley of the Castroggi brook west of the hill fort and is History. But neither she nor the editors and authors would ever want the five volumes to be treated I'. There is no evidence whatever of a church, either at the as the last word on the county s past. We have all been acutely aware of the 'Gwent-sized hole' in ation is confirmed by mention of the Castroggi brook as a histories of the region: our hope has always been that the publication of a county history would j Mill (ST 438962) as a possible location on topographical stimulate and provide frameworks for further research and exploration. It is in that light that this ling known as Llandegelly. A large Roman coin hoard was article is offeredin her memory. gesting an earlier settlement. Another possibility is Dinham dairy farm which possibly had a Michael dedication." It was clear from the outset that the County History's chapters on the late medieval church and the Peter's on the old (Roman) road' (ST 371891) named in a Reformation in Monmouthshire would have to reflect the on-going debate over the Reformation in eteenth century, when they were recorded by Morgan and Wales. Was the late medieval church really corrupt, and how can we balance this against the ventia. Its site is now under the lawn of a house known as overwhelming evidence for its popularity, in both wills and surviving buildings? Given that that of Hendrew Farm, a kilometre to the north-east, the site popularity, how can we account for the lack of resistance to change in the IS30s and (even more so) the secular centre of this small estate. Later, Henrhiw came during the reign of Edward VI, when what was still largely a Welsh county had to cope with a prayer neys Inferior and was merged with that parish." book in an unfamiliar vernacular? And was the process of religious change really that smooth? It is . The two final charters, for Villa TrefRita near Llandegveth tempting to look at Thomas Jones of Llanfair Cilgedin's paean of praise for the William Morgan d by Caradoc ap Gruffydd, king of Gwent killed at the battle Bible - ' the treasure of true riches ... the perfect precious pearl-stone ... the sword of great renown charter also refers to Roger fitz William fitz Osbern 'Count ... '1 and to assume that by IS 8 8 all was indeed over bar a bit ofrecusant shouting. 7S) and to William the Conqueror (1066-1087).47. The two Recent research by academics like Kate Olson is suggesting that it was a much more long-drawn• hat the pattern of rural churches in Gwent was now largely out process and that the extent of resistance (generally passive resistance but resistance none the less) man foundations which lay in the future. Llangwm was a has been underestimated." Some light may be shed on these debates by the evidence for changing -e acquired four 'saints' - past members of the community, perceptions of death and commemoration, and specifically on attitudes to prayer for the dead. sanctity. TrefRita is probably Llanddewi Fach, totally rebuilt Attitudes to death and the dead clearly underwent radical change in the course of the Reformation. and recently demolished." It lay some 600 metres from the Most historians identify as the key to these changes the reformers' denial of the existence of Purgatory ed, in the valley of the Sor brook. Llandegveth, with its - described by Eamon Duffy as 'the defining doctrine of late medieval Catholicism. '3 e of the 'martyr' Tegfedd, already existed by c.7S0. The Villa Purgatory was the intermediate stage between Heaven and Hell, suggested by medieval theologians until the time ofthe grant. It, and the martyrium ofTegfedd, as a way of dealing with sins which had been confessed and absolved but not expiated. Purgatory was stical centres of a single landholding. thus a place of torment where souls were purged: unlike Hell it had limits, but souls in purgatory were depicted as suffering and begging for release. Time in Purgatory could be shortened by the purchase of indulgences, 'promissory notes on the Treasury of Merits' as Swanson called them," and by the prayers of the living. Indulgences could even repay the living for their prayers. The early Hundred of Caldicot, Part 2 (London, 1932, reprinted 1994), 157; , 1783) Gioucestershire 162a;, Dinham, see: Williams, 'Church in 1 Parry-Williams, T.H. (ed.), Cerddi Rhydd Cynnar (Cardiff, 1932) no. 95, 369; cf Gray, M. and Morgan, P. a Silurum (London,1862) 83. (eds), The Gwent County History Volume 3: The Making of Monmouthshire, 1536-1780 (University of Wales organ, O. and Wakeman, T., Notes on the Ecclesiastical Remains at lr (Momnouthshire and Caerleon Antiquarian Association, Newport, Press, Cardiff, 2009) 67-8. rtf TT.. __ J J _.£'rrr.l,.}.'"..,,,,+ D ..... ..-t'1 ")(\"\. Yn;crht TT( 'A foroorten 2 Olson, Katherine, Religion, Reformation and Society in Wales and the Marches, c. 1400-1603 (forthcoming). The Reformation 45 foundations (starting in the early sixteenth century with changes in government policy relating to at Llanfihangel Rogiet promises forty days remission of grants in mortmain) might have led many testators to give instructions to their executors rather than .d an Ave Maria for her soul.' making explicit bequests which might be disallowed. II Sir William Morgan of Pencoed was acutely :h part ofthe community ofthe living, the objects of charity aware of the shifts in government policy: in 1535, he had been largely responsible for the Valor ehind an elaborate tomb was to ask for prayer. Some WIlls Ecclesiasticus survey of church property in the diocese of Llandaff, a survey which included several Hubs as well as funeral rites. Charles Somerset, earl of chantry foundations.'? In his will in 1541 he made no detailed provision for his funeral or he died nearby, but ifhe died elsewhere 'to have a flatstone commemoration but asked for burial at Llanmartin 'as I have declared my mynde to my executrice' .13 look upon it shall pray for his soul' .6lt was also well worth The opening of the preamble to his will could be described as 'Protestant': he prayed: fter death, and a charitable act to leave prayer for the souls 'that I may be partaker of the most blessed passion of our saviour Criste Jhu and by his redempcion authority for all of this, replacing the whole structure of only to be savyd as my very hope and trust ys to be savyd ... I give and bequeath my soule to the marcy piation with the doctrine of justification by faith. Martin of our lorde god the father the sone and the holy goost and to the merits of the passion of our savyour ittacked the purchase of indulgences for the dead as well as Christ Jesu the sone ... ' 1 extortion: 'The dying', according to the thirteenth of hIS mm all penalties, are already dead as far as the canon laws but, he then continued, 'to our lady Saynt Mary and to all the blessed company of hevyn ... '. ased from them'. 7 By the late 1520s, a number of reformers To judge by her will, his widow Florence was conservative in her inclinations. Among other things, : Biblical warrant for the existence of Purgatory itself. she left a gown of crimson velvet to make a cope and chasuble for the family chapel, and her own , attack on the whole religious culture of intercessory prayer silver pax, candlesticks and cruets for the altar there.