LEGAL REPORT ON ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE IN 17 COUNTRIES @Yiannis Yiannakopoulos BELGIUM - CANADA - FRANCE - GERMANY - GREECE - IRELAND - ITALY - LUXEMBOURG - NETHERLANDS - NORWAY - ROMANIA - SLOVENIA - SPAIN - SWEDEN - SWITZERLAND - TURKEY - UNITED-KINGDOM 15 NOVEMBER 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 6 ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................................................... 8 GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................................................... 12 BELGIUM ........................................................................................................................................ 13 NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 13 CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS ............................................................................................ 13 ORGANISATION AND FUNDING OF BELGIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM .................................. 13 ACCESSING BELGIUM HEALTHCARE SYSTEM ................................................................ 14 ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE FOR MIGRANTS ........................................................................ 15 ASYLUM SEEKERS, REFUGEES AND THOSE ELIGIBLE FOR SUBSIDIARY PROTECTION ........... 15 UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANTS ...................................................................................... 16 EU CITIZENS ............................................................................................................. 19 UNACCOMPANIED MINORS ......................................................................................... 20 PROTECTION OF SERIOUSLY ILL FOREIGN NATIONALS ....................................................... 20 THE ADMISSIBILITY OF THE APPLICATION .................................................................... 21 THE SUBSTANTIVE DECISION ...................................................................................... 21 PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES ................................................... 22 CANADA (QUEBEC) ......................................................................................................................... 23 NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 23 ORGANISATION AND FUNDING OF CANADIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM ............................... 23 ACCESSING CANADA HEALTHCARE SYSTEM ................................................................. 23 ACCESSING QUEBEC HEALTHCARE SYSTEM .................................................................. 24 ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE FOR MIGRANTS ........................................................................ 25 ASYLUM SEEKERS AND REFUGEES .............................................................................. 25 UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANTS ...................................................................................... 29 UNACCOMPANIED MINORS ......................................................................................... 32 ABORIGINALS IN QUEBEC ........................................................................................... 32 PROTECTION OF SERIOUSLY ILL FOREIGN NATIONALS ....................................................... 33 TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES ............................................................................ 34 FRANCE ........................................................................................................................................... 35 NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 35 CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS ............................................................................................ 35 ORGANISATION AND FUNDING OF FRENCH HEALTHCARE SYSTEM ................................... 35 ACCESSING FRANCE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM .................................................................. 36 UNIVERSAL MEDICAL COVERAGE: PUMA AND CMU-C .................................................... 37 SUPPLEMENTARY HEALTH INSURANCE ASSISTANCE SCHEME: ACS ................................. 38 THE FREE MEDICAL CENTRE SYSTEM (PERMANENCE D’ACCES AUX SOINS – PASS) ................ 39 POSITIVE REFORM ON ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ................................................................ 39 NEW HEALTHCARE BILL – JANUARY 2016 .................................................................... 40 ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE FOR MIGRANTS ........................................................................ 40 ASYLUM SEEKERS AND REFUGEES .............................................................................. 40 UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANTS ...................................................................................... 42 EU CITIZENS ............................................................................................................. 44 UNACCOMPANIED MINORS ......................................................................................... 45 PROTECTION OF SERIOUSLY ILL FOREIGN NATIONALS ....................................................... 45 PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES ................................................... 47 Page 1 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS ........................................................................ 47 TUBERCULOSIS ......................................................................................................... 48 THE SITUATION IN MAYOTTE .......................................................................................... 48 DISCRIMINATION BY THE HEALTHCARE SCHEME ........................................................... 48 COMPLIANCE TO LAW ................................................................................................ 49 GERMANY ....................................................................................................................................... 50 NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 50 ORGANISATION AND FUNDING GERMAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM ...................................... 50 ACCESSING GERMANY HEALTHCARE SYSTEM ............................................................... 51 RECENT REFORMS ..................................................................................................... 52 ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE FOR MIGRANTS ........................................................................ 53 ASYLUM SEEKERS AND REFUGEES .............................................................................. 53 UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANTS ...................................................................................... 55 TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY ................................................................................... 57 EU CITIZENS ............................................................................................................. 58 UNACCOMPANIED MINORS ......................................................................................... 58 PROTECTION OF SERIOUSLY ILL FOREIGN NATIONALS ....................................................... 59 PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES ................................................... 59 GREECE ........................................................................................................................................... 61 NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 61 CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS ............................................................................................ 61 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ........................................................................................ 61 ORGANISATION AND FUNDING OF GREEK HEALTHCARE SYSTEM ..................................... 61 RECENT STRUCTURAL REFORMS OF THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM ...................................... 61 FUNCTIONING OF GREEK HEALTHCARE SYSTEM ............................................................ 62 ACCESSING GREECE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM .................................................................. 63 POSITIVE REFORM ..................................................................................................... 64 ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE FOR MIGRANTS ........................................................................ 65 ASYLUM SEEKERS AND REFUGEES .............................................................................. 65 UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANTS ...................................................................................... 65 EU CITIZENS ............................................................................................................. 66 UNACCOMPANIED MINORS ......................................................................................... 67 PROTECTION OF SERIOUSLY ILL FOREIGN NATIONALS ....................................................... 68 PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES ................................................... 68 DETENTION ON PUBLIC HEALTH GROUNDS ................................................................... 68 HIV TESTING AND TREATMENT ................................................................................... 68 IRELAND 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