Migration Guide A guide to migrating the basic software components on server and workstation computers Version 1.0 – July 2003 KBSt Publication Service ISSN 0179-7263 Volume 57 July 2003 KBSt Publication Series Volume 57 ISSN 0179 - 7263 Reprint, even in part, subject to approval This volume was prepared by the KBSt unit at the Federal Ministry of the Interior in co-operation with the German Federal Office for Information Security, the Bundesverwaltungsamt (BVA) and C_sar Consulting, solutions and results AG. Editor: C_sar AG, Berlin If you are interested in publications by KBSt currently available or further information concerning the documents, please contact Bundesministerium des Innern Referat IT 2 (KBSt) 11014 Berlin, Germany Tel.: +49 (0) 1888 681 - 2312 Fax.: +49 (0) 1888 681 - 523121 KBSt homepage: http://www.kbst.bund.de 1Frau Monika Pfeiffer (mailto: [email protected]) Migration Guide A guide to migrating the basic software components on server and workstation computers Version 1.0 July 2003 Published by the Federal Ministry of the Interior CONTENTS 1 Introduction .................................................................... 8 1.1 About the project 8 1.2 About this guide 9 1.3 How to use this guide 10 1.4 Information for decision-makers 12 1.4.1 General recommendations 12 1.4.2 Continuing and replacing migration 12 1.4.3 Migration paths 13 1.4.4 Comparability of alternatives 14 1.4.5 Future key issues 14 1.4.6 Economic efficiency 15 2 Key issues of the migration guide.............................. 17 2.1 Important definitions 17 2.1.1 Open source, free software 17 2.1.2 Proprietary software 17 2.1.3 Commercial Linux software 17 2.1.4 Replacing migration 18 2.1.5 Continuing migration 18 2.2 Migration paths 18 2.2.1 Microsoft Windows as the starting situation 19 2.2.2 System landscape with replacing migration 21 2.2.3 System landscape with continuing migration 22 2.2.4 Internal dependencies within the Microsoft system landscape 23 2.3 Linux distributions 25 2.3.1 Introduction 25 2.3.2 Debian GNU Linux 27 2.3.3 SuSE Linux distribution 28 2.3.4 Red Hat distribution 29 2.3.5 Certifications 29 2.3.6 Conclusions 31 Version: 04.09.2003 16:12 Page 1 CONTENTS 2.4 License models 31 2.4.1 GPL 31 2.4.2 Lesser GPL 32 2.4.3 BSD license 33 2.5 Data sources 33 2.5.1 Experience with migration projects 34 2.5.2 Integration of experts 36 3 Technical description of the migration paths ............ 38 3.1 Introduction 38 3.2 File system 39 3.2.1 Overview 39 3.2.2 Windows NT 4 40 3.2.3 Replacing migration 49 3.2.4 Continuing migration 59 3.3 Print service 63 3.3.1 Overview 63 3.3.2 Introduction 64 3.3.3 The starting situation – printing under Windows NT 4 65 3.3.4 Replacing migration 72 3.3.5 Continuing migration 81 3.4 Authentication services 82 3.4.1 Overview 82 3.4.2 The starting situation – Windows NT 4 83 3.4.3 Replacing migration – Linux, Samba and OpenLDAP 91 3.4.4 Continuing migration 94 3.5 Network services 94 3.5.1 Overview 94 3.5.2 The starting situation – network services under Windows NT 95 3.5.3 Replacing migration – network services under Linux 100 3.5.4 Continuing migration – network services under Windows 2000 102 3.6 System audit and management services 103 Page 2 Version: 04.09.2003 16:12 CONTENTS 3.6.1 Overview 103 3.6.2 The starting situation – Systems Management Server under Windows NT 4 104 3.6.3 Replacing migration – Linux 106 3.6.4 Continuing migration – Windows 2000 109 3.7 Directory service 110 3.7.1 Overview 110 3.7.2 Fundamentals 111 3.7.3 Active directory service (ADS) 114 3.7.4 Replacing migration – Samba and OpenLDAP 130 3.7.5 Continuing migration – introduction of ADS 134 3.8 Middleware – COM,.NET, J2EE 141 3.8.1 Component Object Model (COM) 142 3.8.2 ".NET" 143 3.8.3 Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) 145 3.9 Web services 146 3.9.1 Overview 146 3.9.2 Fundamentals 147 3.9.3 .Net web services 148 3.9.4 J2EE 149 3.10 XML (Extensible Markup Language) 150 3.11 Web servers 151 3.11.1 Overview 151 3.11.2 Introduction 152 3.11.3 Internet Information Server 4.0 152 3.11.4 Replacing migration 155 3.11.5 Continuing migration 161 3.12 SharePoint Portal Server 164 3.12.1 Overview 164 3.12.2 Introduction 164 3.12.3 Dashboard site 164 3.12.4 Document management system (DMS) 166 3.12.5 Search functions 166 3.12.6 Conclusions 166 Stand: 04.09.2003 16:12 Seite 3 CONTENTS 3.13 Databases 167 3.13.1 Overview 167 3.13.2 Introduction 167 3.13.3 MS SQL Server 7.0 168 3.13.4 Replacing migration 173 3.13.5 Continuing migration 179 3.14 Groupware 180 3.14.1 Overview 180 3.14.2 Introduction 181 3.14.3 The starting situation – Microsoft Exchange 5.5 182 3.14.4 Replacing migration 186 3.14.5 Continuing migration 205 3.15 Office / desktop 210 3.15.1 Overview 210 3.15.2 Introduction 210 3.15.3 MS Office: the starting situation 211 3.15.4 Replacing migration 215 3.15.5 Continuing migration 233 3.15.6 Further desktop applications 236 3.15.7 Integration of Windows applications in conjunction with Linux clients 244 3.15.8 Evaluation 256 3.16 Terminal servers and thin clients 257 3.16.1 Overview 257 3.16.2 Introduction 257 3.16.3 Linux Terminal Server Project 261 3.16.4 NX terminal services 263 3.16.5 Windows Terminal Services and Citrix 264 3.17 High availability 267 3.17.1 Aims 267 3.17.2 The "five new" and reality 267 3.17.3 The approach 268 3.17.4 Categories of HA systems 26268 3.17.5 Proprietary HA software 270 Page 4 Version: 04.09.2003 16:12 CONTENTS 3.17.6 Open Source HA software 271 4 Evaluation of economic efficiency ........................... 275 4.1 Introduction 275 4.2 Methodological principles 276 4.2.1 Monetary analysis 277 4.2.2 Benefit analysis 277 4.2.3 IT-WiBe 21 (recommendations on economic efficiency assessments for IT systems) 277 4.2.4 Migration cost matrix 278 4.2.5 TCO 279 4.2.6 Comparability 279 4.2.7 New introduction vs. migration of systems 280 4.2.8 Full cost approach 281 4.3 The monetary (operative) dimension 282 4.3.1 Applications 282 4.3.2 Cost categories 282 4.3.3 Features of applied categories of public agencies 283 4.4 Strategic dimension 285 4.4.1 Macroeconomic discussion 285 4.4.2 Microeconomic discussion 285 4.5 Overall results of the evaluation of economic efficiency 286 4.6 Migration recommendations based on the evaluation of economic efficiency 287 4.6.1 Complete migration 289 4.6.2 Continuing migration 290 4.6.3 Partial migration 290 4.7 Conclusions 293 4.8 Expenditures with different migration scenarios 2292 4.8.1 General assumptions concerning migration expenditures 2292 4.8.2 Costs of migration from Windows NT to Windows 2000 2294 4.8.3 Expenditure on migration from Windows NT to Linux 2297 Stand: 04.09.2003 16:12 Seite 5 CONTENTS 4.8.4 Expenditure on migration from Exchange 5.5 to Exchange 2000 301 4.8.5 Expenditure on migration from Exchange 5.5 to Samsung Contact 302 4.8.6 Recommended assessments concerning products / product groups 303 4.9 Example of evaluation of urgency and quality / strategy 333 4.9.1 Urgency criteria 334 4.9.2 Quality/strategy criteria 334 4.9.3 Benefit analysis 334 5 Migration recommendations...................................... 341 5.1 General statements 341 5.1.1 The decision-making path 341 5.1.2 General recommendations 342 5.2 Completely "replacing migration" 344 5.2.1 Architecture model 345 5.2.2 Medium and large public agencies 348 5.2.3 Specialized public agencies with an IT service function 351 5.2.4 Small public agencies 353 5.3 Completely "continuing migration" 355 5.3.1 Minimizing the degree of integration, protecting degrees of freedom 357 5.3.2 Further migration paths 359 5.4 Partial migration 359 5.4.1 Selective migration 359 5.4.2 Partial migration at the server end 362 5.5 Migration paths 363 5.5.1 One-step migration 363 5.5.2 Gentle migration 365 5.5.3 Critical success factors 367 6 Authors........................................................................ 380 Page 6 Version: 04.09.2003 16:12 CONTENTS 7 Abbreviations ............................................................. 381 8 Glossary...................................................................... 390 9 Tables........................................................................ 3394 10 Illustrations ................................................................. 400 11 Appendix ..................................................................... 404 11.1 Appendix: WiBe (recommendations on economic efficiency assessments for IT systems) 404 11.1.1 Overview of recommended catalogs of criteria 404 11.1.2 General catalog of criteria, IT-WiBe21, for migration scenarios 404 11.1.3 Special catalog of criteria, IT-WiBe21, for migration objects 408 11.1.4 Explanation of additional criteria 412 Stand: 04.09.2003 16:12 Seite 7 Introduction 1 Introduction "A product replaces another one if it offers customers an incentive for a change which outweighs the change costs or which overcomes the resistance to change. A replacement product offers an incentive for change if, compared to its price, it offers customers a higher value than the product that was previously used." M.E.