University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 6-1993 Lagarocotyle salamandrae n. gen., n. sp. (Monogenoidea, Polyonchoinea, Lagarocotylidae n. ord.) from the Cloaca of Rhyacotriton cascadae Good and Wake (Caudata, Rhyacotritonidae) in Washington State Delane C. Kritsky Idaho State University Eric P. Hoberg United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, [email protected] K. B. Aubry United States Department ofAgriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Kritsky, Delane C.; Hoberg, Eric P.; and Aubry, K. B., "Lagarocotyle salamandrae n. gen., n. sp. (Monogenoidea, Polyonchoinea, Lagarocotylidae n. ord.) from the Cloaca of Rhyacotriton cascadae Good and Wake (Caudata, Rhyacotritonidae) in Washington State" (1993). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 603. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/603 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. J. Parasitai.. 79(3), 1993, p. 322-330 © American Society of Parasitologists 1993 LAGAROCOTYLE SALAMANDRAE N. GEN., N. SP. (MONOGENOIDEA, POLYONCHOINEA, LAGAROCOTYLIDEA N. ORD.) FROM THE CLOACA OF RHYACOTRITON CASCADAEGOOD AND WAKE (CAUDATA, RHYACOTRITONIDAE) IN WASHINGTON STATE D. C. Kritsky, E. P. Hoberg*, and K. B. Aubryt College of Health Professions, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209 ABSTRAcr: Lagarocotyle salamandrae n. gen., n. sp. (Lagarocotylidea n. ord., Lagarocotylidae n. fam.) is de­ scribed from the cloaca of the Cascade torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton cascadae Good and Wake (Rhyaco­ tritonidae), from the Lewis River and Wind River drainages of south-central Washington. Lagarocotyle n. gen. is characterized, in part, bya haptor armed with 16 hooks (14 submarginal, 2 subcentral), blind intestinal ceca, a large testis surrounding the germarium, an open male copulatory organ (not tubular), a dextroventral vaginal pore (at level ofcopulatory complex), and an egg lacking filaments; eyes, head organs, seminal receptacle, and haptoral anchors and bars are lacking. Lagarocotyle salamandrae is apparently specific for Rhyacotriton (not having been found in 2 sympatric species of Dicamptodon) and occurs within a limited range of the hosts' distribution, Prevalence varied from 21 % to 32% and intensity ofinfection from 1 to 5 worms/host. Phylogenetic analysis provided a hypothesis for the independent origin ofLagarocotylidea within Polyonchoinea (consistency index = 62.9%). Monogenoideans are uncommon as parasites ychodactylus japonicus (Houttuyn) (Hynobiidae) ofcaudate amphibians. In the Pacific northwest, in Japan (Ozaki, 1948; Combes, 1965; Timofee­ only the ectoparasitic gyrodactylids, Gyrodacty­ va and Sharpilo, 1979). lus ensatus Mizelle, Kritsky and Bury, 1968, from Ancillary to studies concerning the habitat af­ Dicamptodon ensatus (Eschscholtz) (Dicampto­ finities of stream-breeding amphibians in the dontidae) and Gyrodactylus ambystomae Cascade Range of south-central Washington Mizelle, Kritsky and McDougal, 1969, from Am­ (Bury et al., 1991), specimens ofthe ecologically bystoma macrodactylum Baird (Ambystomati­ similar Cascade torrent salamander (Rhyacotri­ dae), are known (Mizelle et al., 1968, 1969), In ton cascadae Good and Wake), Cope's giant sal­ addition, 4 species of Sphyranura (Sphyranuri­ amander (Dicamptodon copei Nussbaum), and dae) parasitize the gills and skin ofNecturus ma­ Pacific giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebro­ culosus Rafinesque (Proteidae) and Eurycea ty­ sus Good) were collected and examined for en­ nerensis Moore and Hughes (Plethodontidae) in doparasitic helminths. In the present paper, we North America (Prudhoe and Bray, 1982; Schell, describe a new monogenoidean occurring in the 1985), The only endoparasitic monogenoideans cloacae of Cascade torrent salamanders from 2 described from caudate amphibians are the ia­ disjunct localities in the Cascade Range ofsouth­ gotrematids, Euzetrema knoepffleri Combes, ern Washington. Comments on the phylogenetic 1965, and Euzetrema caucasica Timofeeva and relationships of the new species and the origins Sharpilo, 1979, from the urinary bladders ofEu­ of endoparasitism by monogenoideans in Cau­ proctus montanus (Savi) (Salamandridae) in Eu­ data are presented. rope and Mertensiella caucasica (Waga) (Sala­ mandridae) in western Asia, respectively; and the MATERIALS AND METHODS polystomatid, Pseudopolystoma dendriticum Salamanders were collected from 15 localities in the Cascade Range ofsouthem Washington (Fig. 1) during (Ozaki, 1948), from the urinary bladder of On- 7-30 August 1984 and included 117 R. cascadae (from 8 of 15 geographic sites), 31 D. copei (5 of 15 sites), and 40 D. tenebrosus (9 of 15 sites). An additional 25 Received 31 August 1992; revised II December 1992; R. cascadae were obtained at the Martha Creek site on accepted 4 January 1993. 17 October 1991. Age (Iarva vs. adult) ofsalamanders * United States Department of Agriculture, Agricul­ was determined using criteria presented by Nussbaum tural Research Service, Biosystematic Parasitology et al. (1983). Sampling techniques for collection ofsal­ Laboratory, BARC East 1180, Beltsville, Maryland amanders were as documented by Bury et al. (1991). 20705. Sorne necropsies, conducted shortly after collection, t United States Department ofAgriculture, Forest Ser­ provided living helminths that were fixed in hot buf­ vice, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3625 93rd fered 10% formalin. Other helminth specimens, also Avenue SW, Olympia, Washington 98512. fixed in 10% formalin, were obtained from hosts that 322 KAITSKY ET AL.-L. SALAMANDRAE N. GEN., N. SP. 323 o 122 W MT. RAINIER NAT 1ONAl PARK WASHINGTON MT. SA 1NT • HElENS NAll. MONUMENT \ :. *- ClEAR CREEK ~ * SI TE Â R. cascadae .* * R. cascadae and D. tenebrosus • o 46 N • R. cascadae and D. cope; ,,** ... • D. tenebrosus 1 1 MARTHA CREEK + D. cope; SITE N FIGURE 1. Map showing localities in south-central Washington from which salamanders were obtained for parasitological studies. Symbols indicate salamander species (Rhyacotriton cascadae, Dicamptodon tenebrosus, and Dicamptodon copei) that were examined for parasites at each site; assemblages shown do not necessarily represent the actual species composition at each site. The Martha Creek and C1ear Creek sites are those from which Lagarocotyle salamandrae was obtained from Rhyacotriton cascadae. had been frozen immediately after collection. Mono­ outgroup analyses. The matrix is available through the genoideans were stained in Semichon's acetic carmine University ofNebraska State Museum (HWML 35904). or Gomori's trichrome, dehydrated in a graded series Diagnoses ofthe family and order ofthe new species of ethanol, and mounted (as whole mounts) in Per­ are c1adistic in nature. Numbers in parentheses refer mount. A few specimens (stained or unstained) were to respective characterchanges shown in the c1adogram mounted in Gray and Wess' medium for study ofscler­ and postulated by Boeger and Kritsky (1993). otized structures. Measurements (ail in micrometers), made with the aid of a calibrated filar micrometer, RESULTS represent straight-Iine distances between extreme points Descriptions and are presented as a mean followed by the range and sampIe size (n) in parentheses. Type specimens are Lagarocotylidea n. ordo deposited in the helminth collections ofU.S. National Class Monogenoidea Bychowsky, 1937 Museum (USNM), USDA, ARS, BeItsvilIe, Maryland, Subclass Polyonchoinea Bychowsky, 1937 and the University of Nebraska State Museum Diagnosis: Polyonchoinea; oral sucker absent (19); (HWML), Lincoln. subsurface microtubules absent in spermatozoa (20)­ For phylogenetic analysis, coded character states of postulated (based on phylogenetic analysis); vas defer­ the new species were added to the data matrix offam­ ens looping left intestinal cecum (33); accessory piece ilies of Polyonchoinea utilized by Boeger and Kritsky present in copulatory complex (34); egg filament(s) ab­ (1993) in development of their hypothesis on mono­ sent. genoidean phylogeny. The resuIting matrix was used Remarks: Lagarocotylidea shares sister-group re­ to evaluate hypotheses on evolutionary relationships lationships with Montchadskyellidea Lebedev, 1988, ofthe species from salamanders utilizing Phylogenetic and the taxon containing Dactylogyridea and Gyro­ Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP; Version 2.4.1; D. dactylidea (Fig. 9). II may he differentiated from L. Swofford, Illinois Natural History Survey, Cham­ Montchadskyellidea by having a ventral mouth (sub­ paign). Seventy-two character states comprising 28 terminal in Montchadskyellidea), an intercecal ger­ transformation series were used in the analysis. Polar­ marium (looping right intestinal cecum in Montchad­ ization ofhomologous series was as provided by Boeger skyellidea), a ventrolateral vagina (midventral in and Kritsky (1993) based on outgroup and functional Montchadskyellidea), and 16 hooks (14 in Montchad- 324 THE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY,