GEORGIA ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION NETWORK DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Volume 4 Social Document 4.1 Project-wide Assessment Prepared for: GSE and EBRD SLR Ref:901.12.1 Version No: C July 2019 Georgian State Electrosystem (GSE) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment SLR Ref No:901.12.1 Volume 4 Social, Document 4.1 Project-wide Assessment July 2019 BASIS OF REPORT This document has been prepared by SLR Consulting Limited with reasonable skill, care and diligence, and taking account of the manpower, timescales and resources devoted to it by agreement with EBRD (the Client) as part or all of the services it has been appointed by the Client to carry out. It is subject to the terms and conditions of that appointment. SLR shall not be liable for the use of or reliance on any information, advice, recommendations and opinions in this document for any purpose by any person other than the Client. 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Georgian State Electrosystem (GSE) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment SLR Ref No:901.12.1 Volume 4 Social, Document 4.1 Project-wide Assessment July 2019 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Structure of the Report ............................................................................................................. 1 POLICY FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Georgian Legal Framework ....................................................................................................... 3 2.2 International conventions and treaties ..................................................................................... 4 2.3 EBRD Policy Requirements and Guidelines ............................................................................... 4 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 6 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 6 3.2 Study Area ................................................................................................................................. 6 3.3 Baseline methodology............................................................................................................... 9 3.3.1 Scoping meetings .............................................................................................................................................................. 9 3.3.2 Collection of available secondary data .......................................................................................................................... 10 3.3.3 Qualitative data collection ............................................................................................................................................. 10 3.4 Impact assessment methodology ........................................................................................... 13 3.4.1 Impact assessment ......................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.4.2 Mitigation hierarchy ....................................................................................................................................................... 17 3.5 Data and assessment limitations ............................................................................................ 17 PROJECT-WIDE BASELINE INFORMATION ....................................................................... 19 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 19 4.2 Administrative context and governance ................................................................................. 19 4.2.1 Recent administrative history ........................................................................................................................................ 19 4.2.2 Administrative divisions ................................................................................................................................................. 20 4.3 Demography ........................................................................................................................... 20 4.3.1 Ethnicity and national minorities ............................................................................................ 22 4.3.2 Religion ................................................................................................................................... 23 4.4 Vulnerable groups ................................................................................................................... 23 4.5 Georgian Economy .................................................................................................................. 25 4.6 Social organisation and women’s position .............................................................................. 26 4.6.1 Social organisation at family level ................................................................................................................................. 26 4.6.2 Women’s accession to resource and ownership .......................................................................................................... 26 4.6.3 Gendered activities and employment ........................................................................................................................... 27 . Georgian State Electrosystem (GSE) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment SLR Ref No:901.12.1 Volume 4 Social, Document 4.1 Project-wide Assessment July 2019 4.7 Community Health and Safety ................................................................................................ 27 4.7.1 Potential receptors ......................................................................................................................................................... 27 4.8 Land tenure and access to natural resources ......................................................................... 29 4.8.1 Overview of land management and administration system in Georgia ...................................................................... 29 4.8.2 Access to resources ........................................................................................................................................................ 30 4.9 Transport infrastructures ........................................................................................................ 30 4.9.1 Road network .................................................................................................................................................................. 30 4.9.2 Airports............................................................................................................................................................................ 31 4.9.3 Railway ............................................................................................................................................................................ 32 4.10 Cultural Heritage .................................................................................................................... 32 4.10.1 Tangible Cultural heritage .............................................................................................................................................. 33 4.10.2 Intangible Cultural Heritage ........................................................................................................................................... 40 PROJECT-WIDE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ............................................................................ 43 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 43 5.2 Positive impacts ...................................................................................................................... 43 5.2.1 Construction ..................................................................................................................................................................