SIIRDE-, POOLSIIRDE- JA MAGEVEELISTE KALALIIKIDE KOELMUALADE TAASTAMISE PROGRAMM Tartu Ülikooli Eesti Mereinstituut Töövõtuleping nr 4-1.1/14/298 Uuringut toetab Keskkonnainvesteeringute Keskus Tartu 2015 Sisukord 1. Eesti koelmualad .............................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Sissejuhatus ................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Koelmualasid kahjustavad tegurid ................................................................................ 4 1.2.1 Looduslikud mõjutegurid: ...................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Inimtekkelised mõjutegurid: .................................................................................. 5 1.3 Kalaliikide koelmualade paiknemine ja tänapäevane seisund ...................................... 7 1.3.1 Selts: Silmulised (Petromyzontiformes): ............................................................... 7 1.3.2 Selts: Tuuralised (Acipenseriformes):.................................................................... 8 1.3.3 Selts: Heeringalised (Clupeiformes): ..................................................................... 8 1.3.4 Selts: Lõhelised (Salmoniformes): ......................................................................... 9 1.3.5 Selts: Tindilised (Osmeriformes): ........................................................................ 11 1.3.6 Selts: Haugilised (Esociformes): .......................................................................... 11 1.3.7 Selts: Karpkalalised (Cypriniformes): ................................................................. 12 1.3.8 Selts: Sägalised (Siluriformes): ............................................................................ 18 1.3.9 Selts: Tursalised (Gadiformes):............................................................................ 19 1.3.10 Selts: Ogalikulised (Gasterosteiformes) ........................................................... 19 1.3.11 Selts: Ahvenalised (Perciformes): .................................................................... 20 1.3.12 Selts: Meripuugilised (Scorpaeniformes) ......................................................... 21 2 Ülevaade Eesti kudealadega seotud uuringutest ja töödest ............................................ 23 2.1 Teostatud ja käimasolevad tööd:................................................................................. 23 2.1.1 Harjumaa .............................................................................................................. 23 2.1.2 Hiiumaa ................................................................................................................ 24 2.1.3 Ida-Virumaa ......................................................................................................... 25 2.1.4 Järvamaa ............................................................................................................... 26 2.1.5 Jõgevamaa ............................................................................................................ 27 2.1.6 Lääne-Virumaa ..................................................................................................... 28 2.1.7 Läänemaa ............................................................................................................. 29 2.1.8 Pärnumaa .............................................................................................................. 30 2.1.9 Põlvamaa: ............................................................................................................. 31 2.1.10 Raplamaa: ......................................................................................................... 32 2.1.11 Saaremaa: .......................................................................................................... 32 2.1.12 Tartumaa: .......................................................................................................... 33 2.1.13 Valgamaa: ......................................................................................................... 34 2.1.14 Viljandimaa:...................................................................................................... 35 2.1.15 Võrumaa: .......................................................................................................... 35 3 Teostamata jäänud tööde iseloomustus .......................................................................... 37 4 Taastamistööde olulisuse kategooriad............................................................................ 38 4.1 Riiklikult olulisemad taastamistööd: .......................................................................... 38 4.1.1 Narva jõgi: ............................................................................................................ 38 4.1.2 Soome lahe lõhejõed: ........................................................................................... 38 4.1.3 Pärnu jõestik: ........................................................................................................ 39 4.2 Kalanduspiirkondade olulisemad taastamistööd:........................................................ 40 4.2.1 Harjumaa kalanduspiirkond: ................................................................................ 40 4.2.2 Hiiumaa kalanduspiirkond: .................................................................................. 40 4.2.3 Läänemaa kalanduspiirkond: ............................................................................... 41 4.2.4 Peipsi järve kalanduspiirkond: ............................................................................. 41 4.2.5 Pärnumaa kalanduspiirkond: ................................................................................ 42 4.2.6 Saaremaa kalanduspiirkond: ................................................................................ 43 2 4.2.7 Virumaa kalanduspiirkond: .................................................................................. 43 4.2.8 Võrtsjärve kalanduspiirkond: ............................................................................... 44 4.3 Harrastuspüügis olulised taastamistööd: ..................................................................... 44 4.3.1 Harjumaa: ............................................................................................................. 44 4.3.2 Hiiumaa: ............................................................................................................... 44 4.3.3 Ida-Virumaa: ........................................................................................................ 45 4.3.4 Jõgevamaa: ........................................................................................................... 45 4.3.5 Järvamaa:.............................................................................................................. 45 4.3.6 Läänemaa: ............................................................................................................ 46 4.3.7 Lääne-Virumaa:.................................................................................................... 46 4.3.8 Põlvamaa: ............................................................................................................. 46 4.3.9 Pärnumaa: ............................................................................................................. 47 4.3.10 Raplamaa: ......................................................................................................... 47 4.3.11 Saaremaa: .......................................................................................................... 47 4.3.12 Tartumaa: .......................................................................................................... 48 4.3.13 Valgamaa: ......................................................................................................... 48 4.3.14 Viljandimaa:...................................................................................................... 48 4.3.15 Võrumaa: .......................................................................................................... 49 5 Ülevaade taastamistööde praktikast Eestis..................................................................... 50 5.1 Litofiilsed liigid: ......................................................................................................... 50 5.1.1 Liigid .................................................................................................................... 50 5.1.2 Taastamistööde meetodid ..................................................................................... 50 5.1.3 Tehtud tööd .......................................................................................................... 50 5.1.4 Töödes esinenud vead ja puudused ...................................................................... 51 5.1.5 Soovitused tulevikuks .......................................................................................... 51 5.2 Fütofiilsed liigid:......................................................................................................... 52 5.2.1 Liigid .................................................................................................................... 52 5.2.2 Taastamistööde meetodid ..................................................................................... 52 5.2.3 Tehtud tööd .........................................................................................................