Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-47017-9 - Urbanization and Crime: Germany 1871-1914 Eric A. Johnson Index More information Index Aachen, 151, 171 Bavaria, 24, 31n, 61, 117, 119, 149, 151, abortion, 28 156, 206 adrrrimstration, 17, 74, 143 Bavarian code, 24 higher, 21 Bebel, August, 17, 30 ofjustice, 21 Beethoven, Ludwig van, 57 local,20-1 Belgians, 158, 174, 235, 237 acquittals, 72, 83, 122 Berliner Tageblatt, 51, 58, 62-74, 78, 83-8, in murder and manslaughter cases, 130 90 table of rates, 123 Berlin, 1, 4, 5, 15n, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 58, adultery, 28 75 age, 107, 191-8 in crime novels, 99, 103, 105-6 Allgemeine Zeitung, 86, 86n crime rates, 164-6 Allgemeines Landrecht, 24 lack of poverty in, 161 Alsace-Lorraine, 31n means of homicide in, 226-7 America. See Umted States of America murder rate in, 230 Amtsgericht (county court), 42 newspapers, 56-7, 61-75 Anhalt-Dessen, 24n rate of violent crime in, 134 Anklageschrift. See indictment size of police force, 35n Annales,10 women's homicide rates in, 220 Amsterdam, 1, 17, 114, 115 Berlin, Lucie, 78, 95 Arnsberg, 151 Bernstein, Eduard, 142 arson, 24n, 28, 98, 134 Bismarck, Otto von, 2, 5,17,26, 27n, 48, Aschaffenburg, Gustav, 51,159,173,193- 57, 120, 121, 142, 143 5, 198-9,205-6,208 Blackbourn, David, 4, 7, 111 assault and battery, 72, 73, 80, 86,117, Blacks, 97, 146,235 168, 233 Blasius, Dirk, 7, 31n, 117, 119, 125, 143, regional distribution of, 151, 156 163 roots in countryside, 180 study of women's crime rates, 188-9 attitudes. See popular opimon and crime table of statistics generated by, 118 attorneys, 18, 21, 22, 39-48 Bochum,135 Austria, 22, 30, 120 Bonn, 170 bourgeoisie. See liberals Bade, Klaus, 157 Bracher, Karl Dietrich, 237 Baker, Ray Stannard, 15-17, 160 Bremen, 76, 171 Balzac, Honore de, 54 Breslau, 149, 156, 171 bankruptcy, 204 Bromberg, 149, 151 Barmen, 170, 178 Biicher, Karl, 159 239 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-47017-9 - Urbanization and Crime: Germany 1871-1914 Eric A. Johnson Index More information 240 Index Carolina (Constitutio Criminalis Carolina), 23 Conservative Party, 21, 56, 61-74. See also Catholics, 19,30,171 Kreuzzeitung Center Party, 56. See also Kreuzzeitung crime reporting in conservative press, crime rates of, 201-6 78-83 and homicide, 222-3 literary treatment of crime and justice censorship, 3 by, 96-9 census data, 5, 6, 174 stigmatization of cities, 158-9 Chemnitz, 171 constitution, 20 Chevalier, Louis, 54, 96, 107 courts, 7, 18,37,39-45 "Chicago School," 9-10 cartoons of, 92-3 children, 28 criminal procedure used in. See criminal churches, 8, 26 procedure cities district court (Amtsgericht), 41 bias of conservatives against, 8, 79, 83 hierarchy of, 41-2 as centers of vice, 159 rights of defendants, 40 "Chicago School" study of, 9-10 superior court (Landgericht), 42 crime correlations with socioeconomic superior court of appeals (Oberlan- variables in, 169-70 desgericht), 42 crime statistics in major cities, 154-5, Code of Criminal Procedure, 41, 42 165, 170 Code ofJudicial Organization, 41 foreign visitors' observations on, 15-16, crime rates 160-1 and attitudes, 137 Germany's comparatively low crime and industrial work force, 211 rates in, 16, 134, 160, 171 long-term decline in Europe, 162 growth of, 4. See also urbanization and death rates, 175-6 and incorporation of surrounding ter­ and ethnicity, 171-81,221,234-5 ritories, 176-8 and hardship, 171-81, 234 lack of a dominant metropolis, 5 and food prices and economic condi­ as a literary theme, 54, 95, 102, 105-6, tions, 138-41, 195-6 107 geography of. See regions Marxist views of, 9 Germany's comparatively low level of, police reporting in, 58 133-4 Ruhr cities' crime rates, 135 maps of, 149-50 theft rates higher than violence rates, and occupations, 206-12 166, 171 and poverty, 137-8, 164, 171-2, 234. and theories of crime causation, 8-13 See also crime rates: and hardship violence levels today, 1 and political factors, 22, 141-3, 146 violence relatively absent, 171, 229-30, problems in the concept of, 162 231 and regions, 148-58 Classen, Walter, 159 and religion, 201-6 Coburg,24n in Ruhr cities, 135, 155 Code Penal, 24, 25 in rural areas, 145, 148, 163, 166 Colmar, 170, 171 of women, 151, 156, 188-91 Cologne, 1, 4, 31n, 134n, 151, 156, 165, yearly trends 171, 220 prior to 1871, 116-20 reasons for rise in crime rate in, 176-8 after 1871, 120-6, 137-43 communists, 2, 4, 26. See also Social in property crime, 134-7, 138 Democratic Party in violent crime, 126-34, 143 conservatives, 8, 21, 143 of youth, 121, 151, 191-2 and arguments concerning the causation criminal code, 6, 18, 22-30, 39 of crime, 146 Bavarian Code of 1813, 24 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-47017-9 - Urbanization and Crime: Germany 1871-1914 Eric A. Johnson Index More information Index 241 French Code Penal, 24 crime reporting in, 58 Prussian Code of 1851, 24, 25 female victims in, 226 criminal intent, 29 crime patterns over the long term, 232 criminal negligence, 29 Essex (county in England), 115 criminal procedure, 6, 18, 39-45 Evans, Richard]., 7, 23, 49, 55, 124,232 criminal statistics, 6, 53, 109, 117n, 120-2. executions, 23, 27, 48. See also punish- See also crime rates ment: capital coroners, 130, 130n, 131-4, 179 extortion, 24n of courts, 121, 179 "dark figure" in, 118 First World War. See World War One organization of German statistics, 148 Fischer, Fritz, 7, 17 of police, 121 Fliegende Blatter, 90 Crites, Laura, 185 Fontane, Theodor, 55, 57, 95, 99-102 Czechs, 101 Fosdick, Raymond, 29, 58, 160 Foucault, Michel, 6, 11-13, 23, 49, 114- Dahrendorf, Ralph, 111, 143 15, 115n, 135,231,232 Danes, 56, 158, 174, 178, 179, 235, 237 France,S, 6, 23, 26, 39, 49, 54, 96, 110, Darkehmen, 148 120 Danzig, 149, 171 code of criminal procedure used in, 42 Darmstadt, 170 crime rates along French border, 149 Dawson, William, 173 crime reporting on, 87, 88 death rate, 168t, 169t, 175-6 crime studies on, 161 defendants, 37, 40, 42, 43-5, 48, 71, 86 newspaper reporting in, 56 Delbruck, Hans, 38n Franco-Prussian War, 142 Denmark, 149 Frankfurt am Main, 1, 170 Dessau, 171 Frankfurt Parliament of 1848, 47-8 Detroit, 1, 114 fraud, 73, 86, 137, 198,204,233 Die Gartenlaube, 89, 100 French, 158, 174, 179,235,237. See also Dickens, Charles, 54, 57, 95, 99 France Diederiks, Herman, 231 Freud, Sigmund, 184 divorce, 72, 198-201,227 Friedrich II, 57 Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 95 Fuld, Ludwig, 202-3, 204, 205 Dresden, 31n, 58, 160 dueling, 143 Gatrell, V. A. c., 235 Duisburg, 135 Gelsenkirchen, 170 Dusseldorf, 31n, 134n, 135, 151, 156, 171, gender. See women 220 Gendarmerie, 32 Durkheim, Emile, 9,10,113,133,142, Gestapo, 27, 40 157,159,206,216-17,229 Giessen, 170 Dutch, 158, 174, 178, 179,235,237. See Gotha,24n also Holland Great Britain,S, 6, 35, 110, 146. See also England East Prussia, 136 Greece, 88 Elberfeld, 171 Guelphs,56 Eley, Geoff, 4, 111 Gumbinnen, 148, 149, 151 Elias, Norbert, 11-13, 114-15,231,232 GUrr, Ted Robert, 113,231 embezzlement, 73, 82, 137, 198, 233 Engelsing, Rolf, 55, 75 Hall, Alex, 49, 59 England, 23, 26, 35, 37, 39, 49, 54, 95, Hamburg, 4, 7, 35n, 55, 89, 124, 157, 171 145, 161,229,236. See also Great decline of crime rate, 176 Britain Hannover, 151 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-47017-9 - Urbanization and Crime: Germany 1871-1914 Eric A. Johnson Index More information 242 Index Hauptmann, Gerhart, 55, 95, 96, 102-6 Simplicissimus cartoon, 94 Hentig, Hans von, 213, 214, 216-17 juries, 18, 45 Herne, 173 juvenile delinquency. See youth Heydekrug, 148 Hitler, Adolf, 2,11,17,27,39,158,237 Kampfhoefner, Walter, 157 Hochstadt, Steve, 157 Karlsruhe, 171 Hohenzollern, 75 Kater, Michael, 7 Holland, 6, 133, 149 Kladderadatsch, 90 murder rates in, 229-30, 232 Klassenjustiz ("class-based justice"), 26, 76, Holmes, Sherlock, 145, 164 96, 104, 214 homicide. See murder Klein, Doris, 184-5 honor, 8, 12,61, 72, 87, 111, 133, 143, Koblenz, 151 238 Konigsberg, 149, 151, 156, 171 and decline of violent crime, 232 Konstanz, 149 and Jews, 204 Krefeld, 170 as a literary theme, 97, 98, 99, 102, 107 Kreistag (county assembly), 20 in modernization theory, 115,232 Kretzer, Max, 55, 95, 102-3 Hugo, Victor, 95 Kocka, Jiirgen, 7, 111, 143 Kreuzzeitung, 57, 62-74, 78-83, 188 Ignatieff, Michael, 49 Krimininalstatistik (governmental criminal illegitimacy, 28, 196 statistics), 6, 53, 121n illiteracy, 196 incest, 28 Landflucht, 157 indictment, 43, 59 Langbehn, Julius, 159 infanticide, 28, 130, 223-4 Landgericht (superior court), 42 infant mortality, 161 Landkreise, 166, 169, 175-6 intellectuals, 236 Landrat, 20-1, 32, 33 International Association for the History of Lane, Roger, 113, 230, 235 Crime and Criminal Justice law, 3, 4, 16, 17, 53, 112 (IAHCC]), 13n, 114,231 criminal, 22-30 Italians, 179, 235 legal positivism, 3, 237 Italy, 89, 97, 133 regulating workers and work practices, 30, 124-6 Jackson, James, 157 Roman, 18 Jarausch, Konrad H., 7, 48 lawyers. See attorneys Jena,82 Leipzig, 75,76,157,171,176 Jews, 2, 4, 8, 77, 79, 81, 82, 82n, 83, 158, Lees, Andrew, 159 180 libel, 3, 26, 27, 29, 39, 59, 61, 87, 133, crime rates, 201-5 143, 204, 238 and homicide, 222 liberals, 8,19,21,56,61.