Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE May 2018 Body Force Modeling for Engine Inlet Fan System Yinbo Mao Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Mao, Yinbo, "Body Force Modeling for Engine Inlet Fan System" (2018). Dissertations - ALL. 864. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/864 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This thesis summarizes a novel steady-state 3D throughflow method to analyze aircraft nacelle/fan systems. The method adopts the body force concept using source terms to model the effects of fan blades. The method is designed to capture interaction effects between bypass fan and nacelle at off-design conditions, especially for circumferential inlet distortions. The unique feature of this body force model compared to conventional throughflow methods is that it requires no information about the fan blade geometry. Instead, fan performance data is fed into the body force model, and the resulting body force model can predict both nacelle and fan performance under inlet distortion. This method was validated with both axisymmetric calculations and inlet distortion calculations to demonstrate its capability in off-design analysis. Thesis advisor: Dr. Thong Quoc Dang Title: Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering I Body Force Modeling for Engine Inlet Fan System by Yinbo Mao B.S., Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012 M.S., Syracuse University, 2013 Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Syracuse University May 2018 II Copyright © Yinbo Mao 2018 All Rights Reserved III Acknowledgement There are many whose support and help are crucial in my life in Syracuse University. First and most importantly, I would like to thank my advisor Professor Thong Dang for granting me the opportunity working with him. It has been a privilege receiving his guidance and mentoring within and outside the academic research. His advices and suggestions have been enlightening me on my way from amateur to professional. His knowledge and attitude have been guiding me through the explorations in the professional field. His support and encouragement have been of great boost in my confidence in researches and my life. His enthusiasm and creativity have been, and will always be, a beacon and an inspiration in my future studies and researches. I shall never forget the discussions we had and every sparkling idea I leaned from him. I would like to thank my thesis committee members for their precious time and their helpful feedbacks and suggestions. I am deeply grateful for the help and guidance from Professor Ben Akih-Kumgeh and Professor Roger Schmidt. They shared their helpful feedbacks on my proposal and thesis, helping me progress with my research as well as improve myself. I would like to express my wholehearted gratitude to Dr. Sho Sato, our project inspector. His knowledge, experience and ideas were of great inspirations through the project. I truly appreciate Professor Mohd Yousuf Ali and Professor Jay Lee for the feedbacks and suggestions they made on my thesis and my defense. At Syracuse University, I would like to thank my friends/former colleagues for their support and help in many ways. From my first year in Syracuse University, my close friends Zheyuan Ding, Yuan Fang, Haiping Feng, Congyi Lei, Yisheng Lv and Charles IV Mayaka transformed Syracuse University from merely a strange name, step by step, to a place full of my fondest memories. Jiyu Wang, Bin Zhang, Tong Lin and Yidi Tang, my dear friends as well as my colleagues, provided their tremendous support in my project. I can’t imagine the toughness I would have faced if without their brilliant work. To my family, I wish to express my deepest gratitude for that they have my back regardless of how I am. My parents’ support and encouragement are the source of my positive characteristic. I am grateful that they teach me the way they did and that turned me into fine man as I am now. Finally, I want to thank the two most important girls in my life – my dearest wife Jie and my baby daughter Margaret. Without their love and support, I would have never imagined that I could reach this far. They are truly the source of my endless energy and inspirations in all ways. V Content 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background and Motivation: Current Nacelle-Fan System Simulator and Limitations ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Goals and Challenges ............................................................................................ 5 2 Literature Review ........................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Throughflow Methods .......................................................................................... 8 2.2 Inlet Distortion Problems .................................................................................... 14 2.3 State of the Art .................................................................................................... 20 3 Theoretical Background ............................................................................................ 24 3.1 Concept of Replacing a Blade Row with Body Force Field ............................... 25 3.2 Basic Philosophy ................................................................................................. 29 3.3 Time Averaged Equations................................................................................... 30 3.4 Body Force Model .............................................................................................. 50 3.4.1 Pressure Force Modelling: Blade Body Force ............................................. 51 3.4.2 Viscous Force Modelling: Loss Body Force ............................................... 57 3.4.3 Energy Source Modelling and Finalized Body Force Model ...................... 74 3.5 Body Force inside OGV/Stator ........................................................................... 76 3.6 Implementation of Body Force Model ................................................................ 86 3.7 Discussions ......................................................................................................... 92 3.7.1 Different Averaging Operators .................................................................... 92 3.7.2 The Time Interval in Time Average ............................................................ 96 3.7.3 Body Force Model for Stage ........................................................................ 98 4 Preliminary Results for Body Force Model Testing ................................................ 104 4.1 Numerical Method ............................................................................................ 105 4.2 Mesh and Computational Domain .................................................................... 108 4.3 Preliminary Body Force Model Results ............................................................ 110 4.4 Mean Stream Surface Approach and 휷ퟐ Approach ......................................... 113 4.4.1 Rotor Downstream Results and Discussion ............................................... 118 4.4.2 Rotor Upstream Results and Discussion .................................................... 121 5 Clean Inflow Validation using N-S Solver .............................................................. 125 5.1 Validation Setup................................................................................................ 128 VI 5.1.1 Introduction to Fluent Navier-Stokes Solver ............................................. 128 5.1.2 Body Force Calculation Procedures........................................................... 129 5.1.3 Solver Setup ............................................................................................... 134 5.2 On NASA Stage 67 Fan .................................................................................... 135 5.2.1 Test Data for NASA Rotor 67 ................................................................... 136 5.2.2 Proof-of-Concept Test ............................................................................... 137 5.2.3 Validations against Test Data .................................................................... 146 5.2.4 Comparisons against CFD Simulation Data for NASA Rotor 67.............. 156 5.3 On NASA ADP Fan .......................................................................................... 168 5.3.1 Available data for NASA ADP Fan ........................................................... 170 5.3.2 Computational Domain and Mesh ............................................................. 171 5.3.3 Model Inputs .............................................................................................. 173 5.3.4 Results and Discussion .............................................................................. 175 5.4 On NASA Stage 35 Fan .................................................................................... 181 5.4.1 Test data for NASA Stage 35....................................................................