Use of CWR in breeding in Estonia Rene Aavola [email protected] Contribution of wild material within existing Estonian cultivars Species (cv) Share of indigenous Species (cv) Share of indigenous material, % material, % Timothy (3) Tussoky lucerne (1) 100 Cocksfoot (2) Meadow fescue (2) 100 / 50 Reed canarygrass (1) White clover (2) 50 Smooth-stalked Fodder galega (1) 50 meadowgrass (2) Crested hairgrass (1) Diploid perennial 33 ryegrass (1) 100 Sheep’s fescue (1) Tetraploid perennial 0 ryegrass (1) Early red clover (2) Italian ryegrass (1) 0 Sweet clover (1) Rhizomatous lucerne (1) 0 Large leaved lupine (1) Chewings red fescue (1) 0 Creeping rooted lucerne (1) Bromegrass (1) ? Target genera üFestuca üTrifolium üPoa üMedicago üDactylis üLotus üAgrostis üPhalaris üPhleum üLolium Searched traits üForage yield üResistance to biotic and abiotic stresses üPersistence üOrnamental value üAdaptation to extensive management 170 collection sites Collected: 25 grasses, 8 herbage legumes, 395 accessions 100 90 80 70 60 grasses 50 legumes 40 30 20 10 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 Turfgrass ecotypes Turfgrass 2005-2009 Festuca rubra Poa pratensis Koeleria macrantha Deschampsia caespitosa Phleum phleoides Poa compressa Poa nemoralis Festuca ovina Agrostis capillaris Deschampsia flexuosa 5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 Visual merit, points 2,0 1,5 1,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Accessions Turfgrass 2009-2012 Festuca rubra Poa pratensis Poa supina Koeleria macrantha Deschampsia caespitosa Lolium perenne Poa subcaerulea Festuca ovina Agrostis capillaris Briza media Festuca arundinacea Deschampsia flexuosa 5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 Visual merit, points 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 Accessions Festuca rubra Festuca rubra Festuca Festuca ovina Poa pratensis Poa Koeleria ssp. rubra ssp. arundinacea subcaerulea macrantha commutata Agrostis Lolium Deschampsia Deschampsia Briza media Poa supina capillaris perenne caespitosa flexuosa 5 4,5 4 3,5 3 2015, pts 2,5 R2 = 0,4284 2 1,5 1 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 2009-2012, pts Koeleria macrantha Koeleria macrantha ‘Ilo’ (1997) Sheep’s fescue collected from Kihnu island Perennial ryegrass in Estonia, 1979 & 2010 ‘Raidi’ vs. native ecotype of perennial ryegrass cut 1 cut 2 cut 3 cut 4 14 2010 2011 2012 12 10 8 t/ha 6 4 2 0 st. eco st. eco st. eco Native perennial ryegrass, fresh yield, t/ha 'Raidi' (d) 'Raite' (t) Kihelkonna Pürksi üKihelkonna = 48,83 30 25 üPürksi = 47,09 20 ü‘Raidi’ = 45,97 15 ü‘Raite’ = 45,41 10 5 0 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Focus on resistance breeding 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Rust, Aug Rust, Oct Leaf spot, Leaf spot, Aug Oct 'Raidi' 'Raite' Kihelkonna Pürksi Cultivar vs. ecotype ‘Raidi’ Pürksi Winterhardiness 10 10 Snow mould 4 8,5 Brown blight 4,3 6,5 Crown rust 6,5 7 Varietal purity 86-96% 90-98% Total DMY of 3 yrs 24,43 t/ha 26,64 t/ha Estonian native samples in European research network project 'GrassLandscape' EST962 Muhu RA02065 EST963 Kihelkonna RA02066 EST965 Tõlluste RA02068 EST3002 Pirita rand RA99001 EST3003 Pirita aed RA01001 Vineyard at former habitat of EST962 Muhu RA02065 Mean DMY of cocksfoot accessions LSD=0,63 9,4 9,29 9,16 9,14 9,2 9,08 9,04 9,01 9 8,85 8,8 t/ha 8,6 8,48 8,4 8,2 8 242, late st. 645 663 657 650 220 early st. 637-1 653 Mean DMY of smooth-stalked meadowgrass accessions vs. crested hairgrass cv. ‘Ilo’ 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 830 151 822 823 528 J 1, st. Ilo(5000/m2) Ilo(15000/m2) Ilo(10000/m2) DMY (t/ha) of lucerne, 3 varieties+ecotypes Sowing year I yr II yr III yr 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Karlu Reigi Juurlu Hanila Orjaku Purtse Ridala Sutlepa Kassari Padaorg Vormsi Hullo Vormsi Saxby Vormsi Kersleti Total DMY (t/ha) of two harvest years, two 25 red clover varieties+ecotypes 20 15 10 5 0 Selja Juurikaru Hanila Ridala Reigi Lihula Vormsi Varbla Virtsu Salme Osmussaar I Osmussaar II Mean seed yield (kg/ha) of two harvest years, red clover 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Selja Reigi Hanila Ridala Salme Juurikaru Varbla tee Virtsu Laelatu Vormsi (Hullo) Osmussaar (klibult) Lihula Tln. Maantee Osmussaar (rannalt) Alternative uses Landscaping Green manuring Gardening Red clover, birdsfoot, Lupine Poa glauca lucerne Poa alpina Roadsides Large-leaved lupine ‘Lupi’ Threats-intensive agriculture, oil shale mines Abandoned pasture Area of semi-natural grasslands in Estonia, thousand hectares Type Early 20th Current Recommended century Alvar 50 4-5 5 Wooded 850 0,6 1,5-2 meadow Floodplain 100 15 15-20 meadow Coastal 30-35 7 7-10 meadow Priorities, tasks üGap filling, ex situ üRegeneration üAvailability for distribution üC & E data üConservation in situ.