The Federal Democratic Republic of Public Disclosure Authorized Ethiopia Ministry of Agriculture Sustainable Land Management Public Disclosure Authorized Program Resilient Landscapes and Livelihoods Project II (RLLP II) Social Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized (Final Version) January 2021 Public Disclosure Authorized Addis Ababa i This document was prepared by a team of consultants from the federal and regional project coordination unit: Team members: W/ro Kewoldnesh Tsegaye (MSc.) Social development (Safeguard & Gender) Specialist of National SLMP Coordination Unit. Ato Yebegaeshet Legesse (MSc.) Environmental Safeguard Specialist of National SLMP Coordination Unit. Ato Alemayehu Solbamo (MSc.) Environmental and Social Safeguard Specialist of SNNPRS- Project Coordination Unit. Ato Ayana Yehuala (MSc.) Environmental and Social Safeguard Specialist of Amhara region- Project Coordination Unit. Ato Biel Dak (MSc.) Environmental and Social Safeguard Specialist of Gambella region- Project Coordination Unit. Ato Kiros G/Heiwot (MSc.) Environmental and Social Safeguard Specialist of Tigray region- Project Coordination Unit. Ato Melaku Womber (MSc.) Environmental and Social Safeguard Specialist of Benishangul Gumuz region- Project Coordination Unit. ii Table of Contents Acronyms ..................................................................................................................................................... v Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... vii 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 16 1.1. Background of the Project ......................................................................................................... 16 1.2. Scope of the Social Assessment ................................................................................................. 17 1.3. Objectives of the social assessment ........................................................................................... 18 1.4. Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 19 2. Overview of the Resilient Landscape and Livelihood Project-II ........................................................... 21 2.1. Project Development Objective (PDO) ...................................................................................... 21 2.2. Project target groups and beneficiaries ...................................................................................... 21 2.3. Project Components ................................................................................................................... 22 3. Legal, Policy and Institutional Framework ........................................................................................... 25 3.1. The Constitution of Ethiopia ...................................................................................................... 25 3.2. Ethiopian Laws on Pastoralists and Minority Groups ................................................................ 25 3.3. Relevant World Bank Environmental and Social standards applied by RLLPII ....................... 26 3.4. Institutional Framework ............................................................................................................. 34 4. Baseline Data on Environmental and Social Conditions of RLLPII Regions ..................................... 35 4.1. Physical Environment ................................................................................................................ 36 4.2. Socio-Demographic Characteristics of RLLPII Regions ........................................................... 36 4.3. RLLP-II in Gambella and Benshangul Gumuz Regional States .............................................. 48 4.4. Potential Implications of RLLPII on the Vulnerable Groups ..................................................... 49 4.5. Strengthening Institutions and Information for Resilience ........................................................ 52 5. Environmental and Social Risks Management Institutional and Implementation Arrangements............ 53 5.1. Arrangements for environmental and social risk management .................................................. 54 5.2. Sub-Project Identification and Watershed Planning Process ..................................................... 57 6. Grievance Redress Mechanism in RLLP-II .......................................................................................... 58 6.1. RLLP Grievance Redress Mechanism ....................................................................................... 58 6.2. Scope of the GRM ..................................................................................................................... 58 iii 6.3. Access to GRM .......................................................................................................................... 59 6.4. Grievance Investigation and Resolution Process (GIRP) ........................................................... 59 6.5. Structure, Steps and Timeframe ................................................................................................. 60 6.6. World Bank Grievance Redress Services .................................................................................. 61 7. Community Consultation: Views, Concerns and Recommendations ................................................. 62 7.1. Views of the Community ............................................................................................................. 62 7.1. Summary of Public Participation and Consultations with Stakeholders in Implementing Regions ........ 67 7.2. Concerns raised during consultation .......................................................................................... 70 7.3. Recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 71 8. Lessons Learned ................................................................................................................................. 72 8.1. General ....................................................................................................................................... 72 8.2. Capacity development ................................................................................................................ 73 8.3. Proper Utilization of the Social Capital in the Watersheds ........................................................ 74 8.4. Cooperative Societies as a Vehicle for Enhanced Access to Marketing and Credit .................. 76 8.5. Women’s involvement in the project ......................................................................................... 77 8.6. Non/off farm employment ......................................................................................................... 78 9. Potential Risks, Challenges and Mitigation Measures ........................................................................ 80 10. ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................................ 88 Annex 1: Checklist for community consultation Social Assessment ...................................................... 88 Annex 2. ATTENDANCE DURING CONSULTATION, .................................................................... 91 Annex: 3 Project Grievance redress mechanism guideline .................................................................. 109 Annex: 4 Grievance application form .................................................................................................. 114 Annex 6. Glossary of Terms ................................................................................................................ 115 iv Acronyms AIDS Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome BOA Bureau of Agriculture BP Bank Policy CBPWDG Community-Based Participatory Watershed Development Guideline CDD Community Demand Driven CIG Common Interest Groups CRGE Climate Resilient Green Economy CSA Climate smart agriculture CSO Civil Society Organization CSRP Community Storage Receipts Program CWT Community Watershed Team DA Development Agent DPs Development Partners EIAR Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research ESIF Ethiopian Strategic Investment Framework ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESF Environment and social framework ESS Environment and Social standard ESPAWM Exit Strategy and Performance Assessment for Watershed Management FTC Farmers Training Center GAC Global Affairs Canada GCF Green Climate fund GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GGWI Great Green Wall Initiative GMG Gender Mainstreaming Guideline GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism GRS Grievance Redress Service GTP Growth and Transformation Plan HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IGA Income Generating Activities KWT Kebele Watershed Team LMP Labor management procedure M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MIS/IT Management Information System/Information Technology MoA Ministry of Agriculture CEFCC Commission of Environment, Forest and Climate Change MoF Ministry of Finance MOH Ministry of Health MoWIE Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity NFE Non-Farm Economic Enterprises NGO Non-Governmental Organization NSLMSC National Sustainable Land Management Steering Committee