Atlas for the Diagnosis of Tumors in the Dog and Cat Atlas for the Diagnosis of Tumors in the Dog and Cat Anita R. Kiehl, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVP Maron Brown Calderwood Mays, VMD, PhD, Diplomate ACVP This edition first published 2016 © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc Editorial Offices 1606 Golden Aspen Drive, Suites 103 and 104, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley‐blackwell. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. 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Identifiers: LCCN 2016014281 (print) | LCCN 2016015089 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119051213 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119051152 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119050797 (epub) Subjects: | MESH: Neoplasms–veterinary | Neoplasms–diagnosis | Neoplasms–pathology | Prognosis | Dog Diseases | Cat Diseases | Atlases Classification: LCC SF910.T8 (print) | LCC SF910.T8 (ebook) | NLM SF 910.T8 | DDC 636.089/6994–dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016014281 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Cover image: Getty/Sheri Neva Set in 10/12pt Minion Pro by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India 1 2016 This work was inspired by the veterinary practitioners who give so much effort to caring for the pets that are an integral part of loving families and the many future pets seeking a family. Contents Preface, xi Acknowledgments, xiii Part I Overview of the Diagnostic Process, 1 1 Overview of Grading and Staging, 3 Identification of the process, 3 Identification of tumor types, 5 Grading, 5 Staging, 7 Staging versus clinical behavior, 9 Epithelial tumors, 12 Mesenchymal tumors, 26 Round cell tumors, 32 Melanoma, 42 Conclusion, 44 References, 45 Part II Case Studies, 49 2 Selected Lesions of the Head and Neck, 51 Bone tumors of the head, 51 Osteoma, 51 Osteosarcoma, 51 Mass lesions of the ear canal, 54 Aural polyp, 54 Ceruminous adenoma, 55 Ceruminous carcinoma, 56 Mass lesions of the external ear pinna, 57 Histiocytoma, 57 Squamous cell carcinoma, 58 Mass lesions of the conjunctiva and nictitans, 59 Papilloma, 59 Squamous cell carcinoma, 60 Hemangiosarcoma, 62 Melanoma, 63 Eyelid masses, 64 Meibomian gland adenoma, 64 Spindle cell tumor, 65 Lesions of the oral and nasal mucosal epithelium, 66 Eosinophilic inflammation, 67 Lymphoplasmacellular inflammation, 68 Lymphosarcoma, 69 Epulis, 70 vii viii Contents Acanthomatous epulis, 70 Ossifying epulis, 71 Viral papilloma, 72 Squamous cell carcinoma, 73 Melanoma, 74 Nasal cavity tumors, 76 Adenocarcinoma, 76 Chondrosarcoma, 77 Mass lesions of the canine and feline muzzle skin, 78 Sebaceous gland nodular hyperplasia, 78 Sebaceous gland adenoma, 79 Sebaceous epithelioma, 79 Trichoblastoma (Basal cell tumor), 80 Mast cell tumor, 82 Plasma cell tumor, 83 Mass lesions of the submandibular region, 84 Reactive lymph node, 85 Malignant lymphoma, 86 Normal salivary gland, 87 Salivary mucocele, 87 Salivary gland carcinoma, 88 Ventral neck masses, 89 Thyroid adenoma, 90 Thyroid carcinoma, 91 Parathyroid adenoma, 91 Additional reading, 92 3 Selected Lesions of the Limbs, Paws, and Digits, 97 Bone lesions, 97 Periosteal hyperplasia, 97 Osteosarcoma, 97 Subungual tumors, 100 Melanoma, 100 Squamous cell carcinoma, 102 Digital skin and nail bed lesions, 103 Calcinosis circumscripta, 103 Plasmacellular pododermatitis, 104 Papilloma, 104 Fibroadnexal hyperplasia, 107 Stromal tumors of the limb, 108 Canine low‐grade spindle cell tumor, 108 Feline spindle cell tumor, 110 Lipoma, 111 Liposarcoma, 113 Synovial sarcoma, 114 Additional reading, 115 4 Selected Genital and Perineal Masses, 119 Perineal masses, 119 Rectal polyp, 119 Perianal gland adenoma, 119 Perianal gland carcinoma, 121 Anal sac apocrine gland carcinoma, 122 Masses of the external genitalia, 124 Transmissible venereal tumor, 124 Mast cell tumor, 126 Additional reading, 126 Contents ix 5 Selected Lesions of the Skin and Subcutis of the Trunk, 129 Mass lesions of the dorsal trunk, 129 Calcinosis cutis, 129 Follicular cyst, 129 Cystic adnexal tumors—trichoepithelioma, keratoacanthoma, 132 Apocrine adenoma, 133 Apocrine and sebaceous carcinoma, 133 Sebaceous carcinoma, 134 Lipoma, 136 Canine well‐differentiated spindle cell proliferation, 137 Canine spindle cell tumor, mid grade, 138 Canine spindle cell tumor, high grade, 139 Feline spindle cell tumor, 140 Canine cutaneous lymphoma, 144 Mast cell tumor, 145 Canine histiocytoma, 147 Histiocytosis, 148 Dorsal tail head masses, 149 Pilomatricoma, 149 Melanoma, 149 Sebaceous adenoma, 151 Perianal gland adenoma, 153 Ventral trunk vascular lesions of the skin and subcutis, 153 Hemangioma, 153 Hemangiosarcoma, 154 Mass lesions of the mammary gland, 156 Fibroepithelial hyperplasia, 156 Mammary gland adenoma, 157 Complex adenoma, 158 Mixed mammary tumor, 159 Mammary carcinoma, 160 Additional reading, 163 6 Selected Lesions of the Thoracic Viscera, 167 Cardiac tumors, 167 Hemangiosarcoma, 167 Malignant plasma cell tumor, 167 Pulmonary mass lesions, 170 Pulmonary carcinoma, 170 Pulmonary hemangiosarcoma, 172 Pulmonary adenomatosis, 172 Mediastinal tumors, 175 Mediastinal malignant lymphoma, 175 Thymoma, 177 Additional reading, 178 7 Selected Lesions of the Abdominal Viscera, 181 Diseases that result in liver enlargement, 181 Vacuolar hepatopathy, 181 Bile duct hyperplasia, 181 Hepatocellular neoplasia, 183 Bile duct carcinoma, 185 Hepatic hemangiosarcoma, 186 Gastrointestinal lesions, 187 Eosinophilic inflammatory bowel disease, 187 Lymphoplasmacellular inflammatory bowel disease, 187 Gastrointestinal malignant lymphoma, 187 x Contents Gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, 190 Gastrointestinal spindle cell tumor, 190 Kidney and bladder masses, 190 Pyogranulomatous inflammatory disease suggestive of feline infectious peritonitis, 191 Renal carcinoma, 192 Renal malignant lymphoma, 193 Urinary bladder cystitis with reactive epithelial hyperplasia, 194 Urinary bladder polyp, 195 Transitional cell carcinoma, 196 Splenomegaly and splenic masses, 198 Extramedullary hematopoiesis, 198 Lymphoid nodular hyperplasia, 198 Malignant lymphoma, 198 Mast cell tumor, 198 Splenic torsion, 202 Splenic hematoma, 203 Splenic hemangiosarcoma, 204 Splenic histiocytic sarcoma, 206 Splenic malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 207 Additional reading, 209 8 Sample Handling, 213 Cytologic specimens, 213 Biopsy specimens, 219 Histology processing, glass slide production, and routine staining, 224 Additional reading, 227 Index, 229 Preface Practitioners