MEMORY CONNECTION Volume 1, Number 1, December 2011 Contained Memory Massey University | ISSN 2253-1823 THE MEMORY WAKA 1 2 MEMORY CONNECTION Volume 1, Number 1, December 2011 Contained Memory Massey University | ISSN 2253-1823 Memory Connection is an international, peer-reviewed The Memory Waka Board journal project of The Memory Waka Research Group Chair: Associate Professor Kingsley Baird, Massey University (NZ); (Massey University, NZ). Memory Connection provides Board members: Dr Paul Broks, University of Plymouth (UK); a meeting place for multidisciplinary perspectives, Professor Sir Mason Durie KNZM CNZM, Massey University (NZ); discourses, and expressions of memory. The journal Associate Professor Ross Hemera, Massey University (NZ); Professor aims to facilitate interdisciplinary dialogue that may Sally J. Morgan, Massey University (NZ); Dame Claudia Orange lead to different ways of "seeing" and the creation of DNZM OBE, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (NZ); new knowledge. Professor Kendall Phillips, Syracuse University (U.S.); Associate Professor Tony Whincup, Massey University (NZ). Articles are subjected to a double, blind peer review process. The Memory Waka As a means of conveyance a waka is a Ma¯ori canoe. Waka has other Memory Connection is only available electronically at meanings such as a receptacle or a chief’s carved treasure box (waka http://www.memoryconnection.org huia) containing valuable possessions including prized feathers. Waka also refers to a body of people such as a kinship group. First published 2011 Metaphorically, The Memory Waka is a vessel of humanity, ideas, By The Memory Waka and culture. It is also (literally) a means of travel for people allied School of Visual and Material Culture in a common cause (paddling in the same direction!). The Waka College of Creative Arts initiates and supports projects concerned with memory including the Massey University Contained Memory Conference 2010 Pupuri Pohewa and publishing Museum Building Block 10 the Memory Connection online journal. Buckle Street Wellington Contained Memory New Zealand Memory Connection Volume 1, Number 1 is called Contained Enquiries to: [email protected] Memory. Published in association with Syracuse University, in the U.S., it comprises 30 selected articles developed from papers © 2011 The Memory Waka presented at the Contained Memory Conference 2010 Pupuri Pohewa (9-11 December 2010, Wellington, NZ). The Contained Memory ISSN 2253-1823 Conference was presented in partnership by Massey University (NZ), Syracuse University (U.S.), and Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Citation example: Tongarewa (NZ). http://www.containedmemory.org.nz Donna West Brett and Ann Shelton, “The Event Horizon: Returning ‘After the Fact’,” Memory Cover image: Tony Whincup Mary’s Grave (2008). Connection 1(1): 335–47, accessed at http://www. Journal design: Open Lab (Catherine Adam, Jeremy Bank, memoryconnection.org Julie Jeon, Kieran Stowers), Institute of Communication Design, College of Creative Arts, Massey University, Wellington, NZ. General Editors Special thanks to Mark Bradford for continuing his style. Kingsley Baird (Massey University, NZ) The Memory Waka logo design: Ross Hemera with Open Lab. Kendall R. Phillips (Syracuse University, U.S.) Web coding: Cameron Askin. General Editors, “Contained Memory” The Memory Waka makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all (Memory Connection, Volume 1, Number 1) the information contained in its publications. Any views expressed Kingsley Baird (Massey University, NZ) in this publication are those of the authors and are not the views of Kendall Phillips (Syracuse University, U.S.) the editors or The Memory Waka Research Group. In the interests of sharing knowledge and disseminating research the complete journal Project Editor, “Contained Memory” (Memory or individual articles may be downloaded for free. Copyright for Connection, Volume 1, Number 1) articles published in this journal is held jointly by the authors and Helen Greatrex Memory Connection. All rights reserved. Contained Memory General Editors Kingsley Baird Kendall R. Phillips Project Editor Helen Greatrex The Memory Waka Massey University Wellington Contents Introduction Kingsley Baird and Kendall R. Phillips 1. MEMORY FORMS 17 Materialising Memory: The Public Lives of Roadside Crash Shrines Robert M. Bednar 34 Lest We Forget: Military Myths, Memory, and Canberra’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Memorial Anne Brennan 45 Where We Come From: The Role of Place in Family Memory Belinda Castles 58 Bridging the Gap Tony Whincup 2. MIGRATORY MEMORY 76 “Noli Me Condemnare”—Migrant Memories Set in Stone: The Seventeenth and Eighteenth-Century Scottish Memorials in Poland Peter Bajer 99 “To Fill This Void Land”: Acclimatisation as Mnemonic Device in Victorian New Zealand Sally J. Morgan 114 Settler Dreaming Stephen Turner 127 Bedouin Memory Between City and Desert Alan Weber 3. REMEMBERING SPACES 143 Re-enacting Traces: The Historical Building as Container of Memory Sarah Bennett 157 Thinking Inside the Box: Objects of Mental Space in the Psychoanalytic Consulting Room Julie Leavitt 167 The Museum Junkerhaus: Monument to an Unhappy Love Anne-Kathrin Wielgosz 4. NATIONAL IDENTITY 182 Whiteout: An Examination of the Material Culture of Remembrance and Identity Generated Between New Zealand and Antarctica Peter Wood 196 Remembering Katyn: Mourning, Memory, and National Identity Vanessa Fredericks 211 Memory, Myth, and Monuments: The Commemoration of a Contested Past in Western Ukraine John Lehr and Natalia Aponiuk 5. SITING MEMORY 230 Hazard Figures: Heritage, Memorial, and Wasting in Appalachia Maria McVarish 251 Containing Marginal Memories: The Melancholy Landscapes of Hart Island (New York), Cockatoo Island (Sydney), and Ripapa Island (Christchurch) Jacky Bowring 271 Between Remembrance and Recreation: Containing Memory in Urban Landscapes Russell Rodrigo 283 Re-making Memory on Matiu and Other “Settlement” Sites Rachel Buchanan 6. PERFORMING MEMORY 302 Battlefield Pilgrimage and Performative Memory: Contained Souls of Soldiers in Sites, Ashes, and Buddha Statues Akira Nishimura 312 Pupuri Pohewa: Collective Memory Ross Hemera 324 Memory as a Sense of Place: Migration and Narration in Whanganui, New Zealand Suzanne MacAuley 335 The Event Horizon: Returning “After the Fact” Donna West Brett and Ann Shelton 7. MEDIATED MEMORY 349 De Architectura as Architecural Time Capsule: On Inventing a New Classical Memory Daniel M. Millette 376 Connecting with Tragedy Through Landscapes of Memory: Memorial Design, Tourism, and the Post-Genocide Memoryscapes of Cambodia, Rwanda, and Germany Shannon Davis and Jacky Bowring 392 Marcel Duchamp: “Twisting Memory for the Fun of It” or a Form of Retroactive Interference? — Recalling the Impacts of Leaving Home on the Readymade Marcus Moore 404 Lost and Found Within New Media Design Tanya Marriott 8. RECOVERED MEMORY 419 When Mad Men Pitches Feminism: Popular Education and Historical Witnessing Through DVD Special Features Mary Celeste Kearney 436 Nga¯ Tohu o nga¯ Kairaranga: The Signs of the Weavers Hokimate Pamela Harwood 451 Contained Memories or Catalysts?: Some Aboriginal Memorials in Australia Catherine De Lorenzo and Vivien Chow 475 The Ma¯ori Fish Hook: Traditional Materials, Innovative Design Chris Paulin Memory Connection Volume 1 Number 1 © 2011 The Memory Waka Introduction Kingsley Baird and Kendall R. Phillips General Editors, Memory Connection Journal Volume 1, Number 1, "Contained Memory" Introduction — Kingsley Baird and Kendall Phillips Introduction Kinglsey Baird and Kendall R. Phillips “Contained Memory”, the first volume of the Memory Connection Journal, takes its title from a conference held in Wellington, New Zealand, in 2010.1 At the inception of the idea for the conference the question was asked: What is contained memory? Although there are distinct forms of memory containment, from the outset we acknowledged their capacity for porosity, enabling encounters between different expressions of memory. We proposed an (extensive) list of “knowledge sources” from where papers might originate, and listed broad themes to which presenters could respond. In doing so, we did not seek to delimit the possibilities of how contained memory could be understood by attempting to define the term we had coined; rather, our intention was to signal our aspiration for an expansive interpretation. We wanted potential participants to respond to contained memory from their own perspectives. In the end, it was the contributors to both the conference and the publication who have defined contained memory in these contexts. The inspiration for the multidisciplinary nature of the conference came from two sources: the Visible Memories conference held at Syracuse University in the U.S. in 2008; and Memory: An Anthology, a collection of writings about memory edited by A.S. Byatt and Harriet Harvey Wood (2009). What was striking about both the event and the book was their markedly multidisciplinary nature, emphasising that memory is explored across a wide range of practices, branches of knowledge, and modes of expression. One of our fundamental aims was that the Contained Memory Conference should embody this characteristic. With this in mind we cast our net wide. Putting out a call for papers to conference listings across the disciplinary spectrum, we waited to see what would be the nature of our catch. Would there be interest in a non-discipline specific—or rather multidisciplinary— conference on contained