Universidad de Jaén Escuela Politécnica Superior Trabajo Fin de Grado ESTUDIO AERODINÁMICO DE LA ZONA FRONTAL DE UNA AERONAVE Alumno: Ben Hamad Aiman Tutor: Prof. D. Miguel Angel Rubio Paramio Escuela Politécnica Superior de Jaén de Superior Politécnica Escuela Dpto: departamento de Ingenieria Grafica, Diseño y proyectos 1 Universidad de Jaén Escuela Politécnica Superior de Jaén Departamento de Informática Don Miguel Angel Rubio Paramio , tutor del Proyecto Fin de Carrera titulado: ESTUDIO AERODINÁMICO DE LA ZONA FRONTAL DE UNA AERONAVE, que presenta Ben Hamad Aiman, autoriza su presentación para defensa y evaluación en la Escuela Politécnica Superior de Jaén. Jaén, Junio de 2018 El alumno: Los tutores: Ben Hamad Aiman Miguel Angel Rubio Paramio 2 RESUME L'objectif de ce travail consiste à analyser les solutions de contrôle permettant de réduire la traînée aérodynamique et donc de diminuer la consommation d’un airplane. Ce travail à dominante numérique se décompose en deux parties : la première a pour objectif de valider les résultats de calculs avec solution de contrôle et des mesures expérimentales, la seconde d’explorer les résultats numériques pour créer un nouveau modèle. Mots clés : trainée, turbulence, maillage, nombre de Reynolds, forme Aérodynamique 3 ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to analyze control solutions that reduce aerodynamic drag and thus reduce the consumption of an airplane. This numerical work is divided into two parts: the first aims to validate the results of calculations with control solution and experimental measures, the second to explore numerical results to create a new model. Keywords: drag, turbulence, mesh, Reynolds number, aerodynamic shape 4 acknowledgments I would first like to thank the teachers of the University college of Aviation and Technology of Tunisia (ESAT) and University of Jaén (UJA) for their support throughout our courses. Especially Mr Miguel Angel Rubio Paramio, who accepted to frame me during this research. And it is with gratitude that I thank all those who contributed to the accomplishment of this work and the accomplishment of my mission. Especially Mr Jorge Mercado. This work is a very modest gift that I give to my parents, my friends for their continued support and deep affection. Thank you to the members of the jury, who kindly attended the defense of this internship report. 5 Contents Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 10 Bibliographic studies ......................................................................................................................... 11 I. What is aerodynamics ?......................................................................................................... 12 1. What is his interest ? ......................................................................................................... 12 2. Concret Examples : ............................................................................................................ 12 II. Definition of Radome : .......................................................................................................... 13 1. Necessities of optimization the Radome Shape: ..................................................................... 14 2. Nose cône design :................................................................................................................. 14 3. Types of Radome shape : ....................................................................................................... 14 4. The Aerodynamic Radome : .................................................................................................. 15 III. Goals and objectives : ............................................................................................................ 17 State of Art ....................................................................................................................................... 18 I. Different types of flow air : .................................................................................................... 19 1. Laminar flow:..................................................................................................................... 19 2. Turbulent flow: .................................................................................................................. 20 3. Swirling flow: ..................................................................................................................... 20 II. Reynolds number: ................................................................................................................. 21 III. THE AERODYNAMIC FORCE : .................................................................................................. 21 1. Straight and Level Flight:.................................................................................................... 22 2. Types of Drag: ................................................................................................................... 24 3. the lift-to-drag ratio “finesse”. ........................................................................................... 28 4. Definition of the boundary layer: ....................................................................................... 28 5. Turbulent structure of the boundary layer: ........................................................................ 30 IV. Navier Stokes equations : ...................................................................................................... 31 V. Divergence ............................................................................................................................ 32 Material and Methods ...................................................................................................................... 33 I. What's CATIA :....................................................................................................................... 34 II. What’s Ansys: ........................................................................................................................ 35 1. Mesh definition: ................................................................................................................ 36 Description for realization: ................................................................................................................ 37 I. Development environment: .................................................................................................. 38 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 55 6 Bibliography...................................................................................................................................... 57 Netography ....................................................................................................................................... 58 7 Figure List FIG 1: EXAMPLE OF AIRCRAFTS ................................................................................................................ 12 FIG 2:AIRCRAFTS CHARACTERISTICS .......................................................................................................... 13 FIG 3:AIRPLANE RADOME ....................................................................................................................... 14 FIG 4: CLASSIC RADOME ......................................................................................................................... 15 FIG 5: THE PRESSURE DRAGS.................................................................................................................... 15 FIG 6: SUBSONIC RADOME ...................................................................................................................... 15 FIG 7: SUPERSONIC RADOME ................................................................................................................... 16 FIG 8: CAR AIR FLOW............................................................................................................................. 16 FIG 9: AIRCRAFT AIR FLOW ..................................................................................................................... 17 FIG 10: LAMINAR FLOW ......................................................................................................................... 20 FIG 11: TURBULENT FLOW ...................................................................................................................... 20 FIG 12: SWIRLING FLOW ......................................................................................................................... 20 FIG 13: THE AERODYNAMIC FORCES ......................................................................................................... 22 FIG 14: LIFT-INDUCED DRAG .................................................................................................................... 25 FIG 15: THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRAG ACCORDING TO THE VELOCITY .............................................................. 27 FIG 16: THE BOUNDARY LAYER ................................................................................................................. 28 FIG 17: ARTISTIC VIEW OF A TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER. ............................................................................ 30 FIG 18: AIRPLANE MODEL IN CATIA ..........................................................................................................