TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY ARCHAEOLOGICAL DIVING SAFETY MANUAL Texas A&M University (TAMU) is committed to preserving the health and safety of its students, staff, faculty, affiliates, and visitors, and to protecting the environment in which archaeological SCUBA diving occurs. This manual describes TAMU’s general diving policy, diving regulations, certification criteria, medical standards, and emergency procedures to ensure diver safety standards for archaeological scientific diving. The TAMU Archaeological Diving Safety Manual formalizes SCUBA diving standards and procedures as they relate to archaeological diving under the auspices of TAMU. This document outlines standards generally agreed upon by the scientific diving community and articulated in various forms by major institutions including the American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Indiana University, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and the Institute of Nautical Archaeology (INA), which has been conducting underwater archaeological excavations and coastal surveys around the world in partnership with TAMU for more than four decades. Document Created: February 2019 Revision History: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. GENERAL POLICY AND DEFINITIONS ........................................................................ 3 2. DIVING PROCEDURE ........................................................................................................ 6 3. DIVING EQUIPMENT ....................................................................................................... 11 4. BREATHING AIR .............................................................................................................. 13 5. MEDICAL STANDARDS .................................................................................................. 14 6. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ........................................................................................ 15 TAMU ARCHAEOLOGICAL DIVING SAFETY MANUAL 2 SECTION 1.0 1. GENERAL POLICY AND DEFINITIONS 1.1. Archaeological Diving Scientific diving is defined (OSHA code 29CFR1910.402) as diving performed solely as a necessary part of a scientific, research, or educational activity by employees whose sole purpose for diving is to perform scientific research tasks. For the purposes of this manual, the scientific research activity is archaeology and the collection of archaeological data. 1.2. Archaeological Diving Safety Archaeological diving safety within the Department of Anthropology on the main campus of Texas A&M University (TAMU) is administered through the following elements Archaeological Diving Safety Manual (1.3), which includes at a minimum: Procedures covering all operations specific to archaeological diving 1.2.1. Archaeological Diving Control Board or ADCB (1.4), which has the authority to: approve and monitor diving projects, review and revise the diving safety manual, insist on compliance with the manual, take disciplinary action in the event of non- compliance. 1.3. Archaeological Diving Safety Manual (ADSM) The Archaeological Diving Safety Manual sets forth basic SCUBA diving safety policies, regulations, and procedures for educational and research diving operations conducted by faculty, staff, and students of the Department of Anthropology at TAMU. This manual does not apply to TAMU faculty, staff, and students who engage in SCUBA diving activities that do not constitute archaeological research, or persons outside of or unaffiliated with the Department of Anthropology. At a minimum, the ADSM must 1.3.1. establish criteria for minimum diver certification levels 1.3.2. provide standard emergency procedures 1.3.3. set standards for medical evaluation and renewal 1.3.4. establish minimum standards for equipment maintenance 1.3.5. The ADSM must be maintained. The manual will be updated as needed to reflect current diving safety practices and the revisions documented. 1.4. Archaeological Diving Control Board (ADCB) In accordance with a memo from the Anthropology Department Head dated 03 July 2018, the ADCB will be comprised of four voting members to include two representatives of the Nautical Archaeology Program (NAP), one of whom will serve as Chair of the TAMU ARCHAEOLOGICAL DIVING SAFETY MANUAL 3 ADCB, a medical professional, and a student representative of the Anthropology Department. Future ADCB members will be appointed by the Department Head at the recommendation of the ADCB Chair and with the majority support of the ADCB. Members serve voluntarily for a period of three years and may serve an unlimited number of terms. The ADCB shall 1.4.1. review and revise the Archaeological Diving Safety Manual as needed 1.4.2. advocate compliance with the Archaeological Diving Safety Manual 1.4.3. review and approve archaeological dive plans from archaeologists within or affiliated with the Department of Anthropology 1.4.4. ensure that SCUBA diving activities on TAMU archaeological projects are designed to minimize injury, illness, and death 1.4.5. serve as a sounding board for diver-related or diving safety concerns The ADCB has the authority to 1.4.6. approve or reject archaeological dive plans from archaeologists within or affiliated with the Department of Anthropology 1.4.7. suspend diving programs that they consider to be unsafe 1.4.8. take disciplinary action in the event of unsafe practices 1.5. University Auspices 1.5.1. Archaeological scientific diving under the auspices of TAMU occurs when TAMU faculty, staff, and/or students participate in an archaeological diving project for which TAMU faculty, staff, and/or students occupy any position of leadership or authority. 1.5.2. TAMU archaeological divers participating in an archaeological project carried out under the auspices of a university or organization other than TAMU must satisfy TAMU’s Diver Qualifications (1.6) and be prepared to meet any additional requirements of the sponsoring institution. 1.6. Diver Qualifications All divers must 1.6.1. be certified as an Open Water Scuba Diver (or higher) by a recognized agency 1.6.2. complete a Diver Data and Contact Information form (Appendix A) 1.6.3. pass a physical examination specific to SCUBA diving using the Medical Examination form (Appendix B). This examination should be repeated every 5 years if under age 40, every 3 years if age 40-59, and every 2 years if age 60 and older TAMU ARCHAEOLOGICAL DIVING SAFETY MANUAL 4 1.6.4. maintain current certifications in CPR, Basic First Aid, and Oxygen Administration through recognized agencies. Online training which lacks a physical skills component is not acceptable 1.6.5. maintain an insurance policy that covers diving-related accidents relevant to the area in which the diver will be working. In the U.S., Master or Preferred level insurance from the Divers Alert Network (DAN) is recommended. Outside the U.S., Guardian or Preferred level DAN insurance is recommended, if available 1.7. Waiver of Requirements In rare cases, the ADCB may grant a waiver of specific requirements if petitioned at least two months prior to the start of the project and if the waiver can be granted without risk to the diver, other divers, or project participants. 1.8. Lead Diver On a given archaeological project, one individual shall be designated as the Lead Diver. In some cases the Lead Diver may be the same person as the Principal Investigator (PI). The Lead Diver shall: 1.8.1. be certified as a Rescue Diver (or higher) by a recognized agency 1.8.2. be at the dive location during diving operations 1.8.3. ensure each project participant meets all requirements for archaeological diving 1.8.4. conduct an environmental assessment prior to putting team members in the water 1.8.5. participate in creation of safe daily dive plans in coordination with the project PI 1.8.6. ensure safety and emergency equipment is in working order and at the dive site 1.8.7. advise anyone who is ill, fatigued, injured, or apprehensive to not dive 1.8.8. brief divers on hazards and changes to the dive plan and/or emergency procedures 1.8.9. suspend diving operations in the event of unsafe conditions 1.8.10. report to the ADCB any diving-related physical injuries or psychological issues 1.9. Scientific Dive Plan Application (SDPA) Before conducting any archaeological diving under the auspices of TAMU, the Lead Diver or project PI must submit a SDPA (Appendix C) to the ADCB no less than 60 days before the start of the project. At a minimum, the SDPA must include: 1.9.1. each diver’s qualifications and certifications 1.9.2. a Diver Data and Contact Information form (Appendix A) for each diver participating in the project 1.9.3. planned location and number of dives, with depths, expected water temperature, bottom times, and surface intervals, including specific information about repetitive / decompression dives and dive tables to be used TAMU ARCHAEOLOGICAL DIVING SAFETY MANUAL 5 1.9.4. a Diving Accident Management Plan that includes emergency evacuation procedures (means of transport, routes, maps), the location of the nearest hospital, the nearest operational recompression chambers, and contact information for each 1.9.5. information about any anticipated hazards or dangerous conditions, such as cold water, low/zero visibility, strong current, soft mud, hazardous marine life, etc. 1.9.6. A hard copy of the signed and approved SDPA shall be kept on-site and be accessible during dive operations. SECTION 2.0 2. DIVING PROCEDURE Archaeological scientific diving shall not be conducted without established