460 The use of Ethernet Technology in the Power Utility Environment Working Group D2.23 April 2011 The use of Ethernet Technology in the Power Utility Environment Members Carlos Samitier (Convenor) Spain, Mehrdad Mesbah (Secretary) France, Jorge Fonseca-Portugal,Pat Cooney-Ireland, Anders Runesson-Sweden, Andres Cadenas-Spain, Aitor Arzuaga-Spain, Emiliano Marquesini-UK, Paul Schwyter-Switzerland, Sampo Yliraasakka-Finland, Ray Elliott-South Africa, Oyvind Finnekaasa-Norway, Chris Huntley-Canada Corresponding Members Rodolfo Pellizzoni-Argentina,Dugald Bell-Australia, Jan Piotrowski-Poland, Claudio Trigo-Brazil,Masami Inoue-Japan, Mrs. Jovanka Gajica-Serbia, Wan Azlan-Malaysia Copyright © 2011 “Ownership of a CIGRE publication, whether in paper form or on electronic support only infers right of use for personal purposes. 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ISBN: 978- 2- 85873- 149-7 1 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Scope of Work .................................................................................................... 8 1.2 What is Ethernet? ................................................................................................ 8 1.3 Service Provision Model ................................................................................... 10 1.4 Benefits ............................................................................................................. 11 1.5 Business Implications ....................................................................................... 13 1.6 Cost Considerations .......................................................................................... 14 2 UTILITY INDUSTRY CONTEXT AND APPLICATIONS FOR ETHERNET .... 15 2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Utility Applications ........................................................................................... 15 2.2.1 Substation Control .................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 Substation Data Analysis .......................................................................... 15 2.2.3 Real Time Protection and Automation ..................................................... 16 2.2.4 Substation Automation Platform Management ......................................... 16 2.2.5 Commercial Applications ......................................................................... 16 2.2.6 Substation Management ............................................................................ 17 2.2.7 Site Working ............................................................................................. 17 2.2.8 Security Applications ................................................................................ 17 2.2.9 Substation Operational Voice System ...................................................... 18 2.2.10 Collaborative Multi-media Communications ........................................... 18 2.3 Substation Automation Process – IEC61850 .................................................... 19 2.3.1 Introduction to IEC61850 ......................................................................... 19 2.3.2 Model & Mechanisms of IEC61850 ......................................................... 19 2.3.3 Time synchronisation for substation automation ...................................... 22 2.3.4 Further Extensions .................................................................................... 22 2.4 SCADA and ICCP related Utility communication characteristics ................... 23 2.4.1 Overview of EMS/SCADA Communications .......................................... 23 2.4.2 SCADA RTU to Control Centre Communications ................................... 24 2.4.3 Inter-Control Centre Communications ..................................................... 26 2.4.4 SCADA System Security .......................................................................... 27 3 NETWORK TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION ....................................................... 29 3.1 Concepts and Definitions .................................................................................. 29 3.1.1 Topology: LAN, MAN and WAN ............................................................ 29 3.1.2 Layer 2 networking ................................................................................... 29 3.1.3 Differences with Layer 3 IP network ........................................................ 30 3.2 Networking architecture .................................................................................... 30 3.2.1 Bridging .................................................................................................... 30 3.2.2 Switching .................................................................................................. 30 3.2.3 Virtual Networking ................................................................................... 31 3.2.4 RPR – Resilient Packet Ring .................................................................... 33 3.2.5 Provider Backbone Bridging ..................................................................... 34 3.2.6 MPLS-TP .................................................................................................. 35 3.3 Protection Mechanisms ..................................................................................... 36 3.3.1 Spanning Tree ........................................................................................... 36 3.3.2 Ethernet Ring Protection ........................................................................... 37 3.3.3 IEC 62439 Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) ...................................... 37 3.4 Existing relevant Ethernet standards ................................................................. 38 2 3.5 Authentication & Security services over Ethernet ............................................ 40 3.5.1 Physical port protection ............................................................................ 40 3.5.2 Authentication & Encryption (RADIUS) ................................................. 41 4 ETHERNET TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGIES ................................................ 42 4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 42 4.2 Copper interfaces .............................................................................................. 43 4.3 Fibre interfaces .................................................................................................. 43 4.3.1 Optical Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces .......................................................... 43 4.3.2 10 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces .................................................................. 44 4.4 Optical Networks - Wavelength division multiplexing .................................... 45 4.4.1 CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) .............................. 45 4.4.2 DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) ............................... 46 5 TRANSPORT OF ETHERNET OVER SDH ........................................................... 47 5.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 47 5.2 Modern SDH Data Capabilities ........................................................................ 47 5.2.1 Virtual concatenation ................................................................................ 49 5.2.2 Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation ............................................................... 49 5.2.3 Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) ........................................................... 49 5.2.4 Combining TDM and LAN Services ........................................................ 52 6 ETHERNET ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES .............................................................. 54 6.1 Ethernet over xDSL .......................................................................................... 54 6.2 PDH sub-E1 mapping ....................................................................................... 55 6.3 Inverse Multiplexing ......................................................................................... 55 6.4 Microwave Radio .............................................................................................. 56 6.4.1 Microwave Backbone Ethernet ................................................................. 56 6.4.2 Microwave Access Systems ...................................................................... 56 6.5 DPLC Bridge .................................................................................................... 57 6.6 GPRS and UMTS .............................................................................................. 59 6.7 VSAT ................................................................................................................ 60 6.8 Broadband Power Line Communication ..........................................................