TIPS FOR SAFE PRESCRIPTION WRITING** 1. Take time to write legibly. 2. Print if this would be more legible than handwriting. 3. Use a typewriter or computer if necessary. Prescriptions generated by computer- based electronic medical records will eliminate legibility problems. 4. Carefully print the order to avoid misreading. There are many “sound alike” drugs and medications that have similar spellings (ie, Celexa and Celebrex). For a more extensive list, see www.edrugbook.com. 5. Do not use these clinical abbreviations The Correct Way Do Not Use Problem daily qd Misinterpreted as “qid” (resulting in 4-fold overdose) q other day or qod Misinterpreted as “qid” or “qd” q48 hours units u or U Misinterpreted as a “0” (resulting in a 10-fold overdose) 1 mg 1.0 mg Decimal point can be missed (no trailing zero) on order (resulting in a 10-fold overdose) 0.1 mg .1 mg Decimal point can be missed (use a leading zero) on order (resulting in a 10-fold overdose) international units IU Misinterpreted as “IV” morphine MS, MSO4 Misinterpreted as magnesium sulfate magnesium sulfate MgSO4 Misinterpreted as morphine sulfate **Adapted with permission from Gomella LG, Haist SA, eds. Clinician’s Pocket Reference 11th Edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2007. Based on recom- mendations for the use of abbreviations from the National Summit on Medical Abbreviations hosted by The Joint Commission CLINICIAN’S POCKET DRUG REFERENCE 2015 EDITORS Leonard G. Gomella, MD, FACS Steven A. Haist, MD, MS, FACP Aimee G. Adams, PharmD www.eDrugbook.com www.thescutmonkey.com New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2015 by Leonard G. Gomella. Published by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher, with the exception that the program listings may be entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. ISBN: 978-0-07-184001-9 MHID: 0-07-184001-X The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-184000-2, MHID: 0-07-184000-1. eBook conversion by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. 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CONTENTS EDITORS V EDITORIAL BOARD VI PREFACE VII MEDICATION KEY IX ABBREVIATIONS XI CLASSIFICATION 1 Allergy 1 Antidotes 1 Antimicrobial Agents 2 Antineoplastic Agents 6 Cardiovascular (CV) Agents 8 Central Nervous System (CNS) Agents 12 Dermatologic Agents 15 Dietary Supplements 17 Ear (Otic) Agents 17 Endocrine System Agents 17 Eye (Ophthalmic) Agents 20 Gastrointestinal (GI) Agents 22 Hematologic Agents 24 Immune System Agents 25 Musculoskeletal Agents 26 OB/GYN Agents 27 Pain Medications 28 Respiratory Agents 30 Urogenital System 32 iii iv Contents GENERIC AND SELECTED BRAND DRUG DATA 37 NATURAL AND HERBAL AGENTS 311 TABLES 317 Table 1 Local Anesthetic Comparison Chart for Commonly Used Injectable Agents 318 Table 2 Comparison of Systemic Steroids 319 Table 3 Topical Steroid Preparations 320 Table 4 Comparison of Insulins 322 Table 5 Oral Contraceptives 325 Table 6 Oral Potassium Supplements 335 Table 7 Tetanus Prophylaxis 336 Table 8 Oral Anticoagulant Standards of Practice 337 Table 9 Antiarrhythmics: Vaughn Williams Classification 339 Table 10 Cytochrome P–450 Isoenzymes and Common Drugs They Metabolize, Inhibit, and Induce 340 Table 11 SSRIs/SNRIs/Triptans and Serotonin Syndrome 342 Table 12 Selected Multivitamin Supplements 343 Table 13 Influenza Vaccine Strains for 2014–2015 346 INDEX 347 TIPS FOR SAFE PRESCRIPTION WRITING Inside Front Cover ADULT EMERGENCY CARDIAC CARE (ECC) MEDICATIONS BASED ON 2010 AHA GUIDELINES Back Page and Inside Back Cover EDITORS Leonard G. Gomella, MD, FACS The Bernard W. Godwin, Jr, Professor Chairman, Department of Urology Sidney Kimmel Medical College Associate Director of Clinical Affairs Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Steven A. Haist, MD, MS, FACP Clinical Professor Department of Medicine Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Aimee G. Adams, PharmD Clinical Pharmacist Specialist, Ambulatory Care Adjunct Assistant Professor College of Pharmacy and Department of Internal Medicine University of Kentucky HealthCare Lexington, Kentucky v EDITORIAL BOARD Carol L. Beck, PhD Glenn R. Oettinger, PharmD Assistant Dean, Jefferson College of Clinical Pharmacist, Emergency Graduate Studies Medicine Assistant Professor Thomas Jefferson University Dept. of Pharmacology & Hospital Experimental Therapeutics Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Nick A. Pavona, MD Professor, Department of Surgery Patrick T. Gomella, MD, MPH Division of Urology Resident Department of Urology Benjamin Franklin University George Washington University Medical Center Washington, DC Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania Tricia L. Gomella, MD Andrew Stacy, PharmD Part-Time Clinical Assistant PGY-1 Pharmacy Resident Professor of Pediatrics Baptist Health Johns Hopkins University School of Lexington, Kentucky Medicine Baltimore, Maryland vi PREFACE We are pleased to present the 13th edition of the Clinician’s Pocket Drug Reference. This book is based on the drug presentation style originally used in 1983 in the Clinician’s Pocket Reference, popularly known as the Scut Monkey Book. Our goal is to identify the most frequently used and clinically important medications, including branded, generic, OTC, and herbal products. The book now includes over 1400 generic product listings with the true number approaching 4000 entries when specific brand names are considered. Our unique style of presentation includes key “must-know” facts of commonly used medications, essential for both the student and practicing clinician. The inclu- sion of common uses of medications rather than just the official FDA-labeled indi- cations are based on supporting publications and community standards of care and have been reviewed by our editors and editorial board.