' ca n a 'canaQ68.06U ':i594i 'IQM '4 ø ~NX N j N v ,i til$, I' ,M4i3r 11[ý% AFRICAN WRITERS SERIES FOUNDING EDITOR Chinua Achebe PETER ABRAHAMS 6 Mine Boy CHINUA ACHEBE 1 Things Fall Apart 3 No Longer at Ease 16 Arrow of God 31 A Man of the People 100 Girls at War* 120 Beware Soul Brothert TEWFIK AL-HAKIM 117 Fate of a Cockroacht T. M. ALUKO 11 One Man, One Matchet 30 One Man, One Wife 32 Kinsman and Foreman 70 Chief, the Honourable Minister 130 His Worshipful Malesty ELECHI AMADI 25 The Concubine 44 The Great Ponds 140 Sunset in Biafra§ 210 The Slave JARED ANGIRA 111 Silent Voicest I. N. C. ANIEBO 148 The Anonymity of Sacrifice 206 The Journey Within AYI KWEI ARMAH 43 The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born 154 Fragments 155 Why Are We So Blest? 194 The Healers BEDIAKO ASARE 59 Rebel KOFI AWOONOR 108 This Earth, My Brother FRANCIS BEBEY 86 Agatha Moudio's Son 205 The Ashanti Doll MONGO BETI 13 Mission to Kala 77 King Lazarus 88 The Poor Christ of Bomba 181 Perpetua and the Habit of Unhappiness 214 Remember Reuben OKOT p'BITEK 147 The Horn of My Lovet 193 Hare and Hornbill* YAW M. BOATENG 186 The Return DENNIS BRUTUS 46 Letters to Marthat 115 A Simple Lustt 208 Stubborn Hopet AMILCAR CABRAL 198 Speeches and Writing Keys to Signs Novels are unmarked 'Short Stories tPoetry tPlays §Autobiography or Biography SYL CHENEY-COKER 126 Concerto for an Exilet DRISS CHRAIBI 79 Heirs to the Past J. P. CLARK 50 America, Their America§ WILLIAM CONTON 12 The African BERNARD B. DADIE 87 Climbie DANIACHEW WORKU 125 The Thirteenth Sun MODIKWE DIKOBE 124 The Marabi Dance DAVID DIOP 174 Hammer Blowst MBELLA SONNE DIPOKO 57 Because of Women 82 A Few Nights and Days 107 Black and White in Lovet AMU DJOLETO 41 The Strange Man 161 Money Galore T. OBINKARAM ECHEWA 168 The Land's Lord CYPRIAN EKWENSI 2 Burning Grass 5 People of the City 19 Lokotown' 84 Beautiful Feathers 146 Jagua Nana 172 Restless City and Christmas Gold' 185 Survive the Peace OLAUDAH EQUIANO 10 Equiano's Travels§ MALICK FALL 144 The Wound NURUDDIN FARAH 80 From a Crooked Rib 184 A Naked Needle MUGO GATHERU 20 Child of Two Worlds § NADINE GORDIMER 177 Some Monday for Sure* JOE DE GRAFT 166 Beneath the Jazz and Brasst BESSIE HEAD 101 Maru 149 A Question of Power 182 The Collector of Treasures* LUIS BERNARDO HONWANA 60 We Killed Mangy-Dog' SONALLAH IBRAHIM 95 The Smell of It" YUSUF IDRIS 209 The Cheapest Nights* OBOTUNDE IJIMtRE 18 The Imprisonment of Obatalat EDDIE IROH 189 Forty-Eight Guns for the General 213 Toads of War AUBREY KACHINGWE 24 No Easy Task SAMUEL KAHIGA 158 The Girl from Abroad CHEIKH HAMIDOU KANE 119 Ambiguous Adventure KENNETH KAUNDA 4 Zambia Shall Be Free§ LEGSON KAYIRA 162 The Detainee A. W. KAYPER-MENSAH 157 The Drummer in Our Timet ASARE KONADU 40 A Woman in her Prime 55 Ordained by the Oracle MAZISI KUNENE 211 Emperor Shaka the Great DURO LADIPO 65 Three Yoruba Playst ALEX LA GUMA 35 A Walk in the Night* 110 In the Fog of the Seasons' End 152 The Stone Country 212 The Time of the Butcherbird DORIS LESSING 131 The Grass is Singing TABAN LO LIYONG 69 Fixions' 74 Eating Chiefs' 90 Franz Fanon's Uneven Ribst 116 Another Nigger Deadt BONNIE LUBEGA 105 The Outcasts YULISA AMADU MADDY 89 Obasait 137 No Past, No Present No Future STEVE, BIKO Y 1 WRITE WHAT I LIKE/ A selection of his writings edited by Aelred Stubbs C.R. Northwestern University Library Evanston, Illinois 60201 n)( I LONDON HEINEMANN L1 LL IBADAN NAIROBI Heinemann Educational Books Ltd 22 Bedford Square, London WC IB 3HH P.M.B. 5205, Ibadan. P.O. Box 45314, Nairobi EDINBURGH MELBOURNE AUCKLAND HONG KONG SINGAPORE KUALA LUMPUR NEW DELHI KINGSTON PORT OF SPAIN Heinemann Educational Books Inc. 4 Front Street, Exeter, New Hampshire 03833, U.S.A. ISBN 0435 90217 2 First published 1978 First published in African Writers Series 1979 © N. M. Biko 1978 © White Racism and Black Consciousness 1972 David Philip Publisher (Pty) Ltd., reprinted from Student Perspectives on South Africa Cape Town; Black Consciousness and the Quest for a True Humanity 1973 C. Hurst & Co., reprinted from Black Theology: the South African Voice: Our Strategy for Liberation 1978 Christianity and Crisis, reprinted from the Jan 16 1978 issue of Christianity and Crisis; On Death 1976 The New Republic, reprinted from Vol 178 No. 1 Issue 3287 Jan 7 1976 issue of The New Republic. A fCu/ t Designed by Douglas Martin Set in Photon Times Reproduced. printed and bound in Great Britain by Fakenham Press Limited, Fakenham, Norfolk Contents Preface v 1 Introduction 1 2 SASO - its Role, its Significance and its Future 3 3 Letter to SRC Presidents 8 4 Black Campuses and Current Feelings 17 5 Black Souls in White Skins? 19 6 We Blacks 27 7 Fragmentation of the Black Resistance 33 8 Some African Cultural Concepts 40 The Definition of Black Consciousness 48 "li0 The Church as seen by a Young Layman 54 _ II White Racism and Black Consciousness 61 _T2 Fear- an Important Determinant in South African Politics 73 13 Let's talk about Bantustans 80 --<14 Black Consciousness and the Quest for a True Humanity 87 --1 5 What is Black Consciousness? 99 16 "The Righteousness of our Strength" 120 17 American Policy towards Azania 138 '18 Our Strategy for Liberation 143 '19 On Death 152 Acknowledgements: The Editor and Publishers wish to thank the following for their valuable help in the compilation of this book: the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law in Washington D.C., for providing us with various articles written by Steve Biko which the Committee had in its possession; Gale Gerhart; C. Hurst and Co. for permission to reproduce 'Black Consciousness and the Quest for a True Humanity'; David Philip Publisher (Pty) Ltd for permission to reproduce the chapter entitled 'White Supremacy and Black Consciousness'; The New Republic Inc for the chapter 'On Death'; Christianity and Crisis and Episcopal Churchmen for South Africa for permission to reproduce 'Our Strategy for Liberation'; The International University Exchange Fund; Hugh Lewin. Preface The time for a comprehensive biography of Steve Biko is not yet. But it is hoped that the production of a book containing a selection of his writings may be timely, that it may serve to inform those who all over the world know the name Biko only in the dreadful context of his death, a little more fully what manner of man he was. For this reason nothing is said in depth about his death, crucial as this is in a final assessment of the man. I am acutely aware that the definitive writing on Steve can only come from one who writes from within his own tradition, historic, linguistic and political. Unfortunately at the moment those who are so qualified are either in detention, banned, on Robben Island or in exile. I can claim to have known him from the mid-1960s, and with a deepening intimacy, as the memoir indicates, from 1973 until his death. I am a priest of the Anglican Community of the Resurrection. Our headquarters is at Mirfield in Yorkshire. We have worked in South Africa since 1903. 1 was sent out in 1959 to join the staff of St Peter's Theological College, Rosettenville, Johannesburg, of which I became Principal in 1960. Forced by government legislation to close at Rosettenville, in 1963 we took St Peter's to form the Anglican constituent college in the new ecumenical Federal Theological Seminary at Alice, next to Fort Hare. I was expelled from the Republic in July 1977. The compilation of this book would have been impossible but for a generous grant from World University Service, an organisation devoted (amongst other excellent aims) to the service of Steve's cause. Even then, because of my inability to enter South Africa, the material could not have been collected but for the initiative, diligence and skill of Mr David Mesenbring. He has also read through the manuscript of the memoir, and made valuable criticisms. To them I express my grateful thanks, as also to a Sister who typed the manuscript of the memoir, and to the Librarian and staff of the National University of Lesotho. Much of the material here gathered together was supplied from sources who do not wish for public acknowledgement, but I am nevertheless grateful for their co-operation. Thanks are due to the editors and publishers of the articles contained in chapters 11, 14, 18 and 19 and for permission to reproduce them. The royalties from this book will go to the Biko family, to be devoted by them to a project of which they know Steve would have approved. AELRED STUBBS, C.R Masite, Lesotho, 1978 1 Introduction Stephen Bantu Biko was born in Kingwilliamstown, Cape Province, on 18 December 1946, the third child and second son of Mr and Mrs Mzimgayi Biko. His father died when Stephen was four. He received primary and secondary education locally before proceeding to Lovedale Institution, Alice. He did not stay long at that Bantu Education Department-run school however, and his formative higher schooling was received at the Roman Catholic Mariannhill, in Natal. Matriculating at the end of 1965 he entered the medical school of the (white) University of Natal, Non-European section, Durban, at the beginning of 1966.