Component-I (A) – Personal details: Tourism in India Forms of Tourism Prof. P. Bhaskar Reddy Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. Dr. E. Sivanagi Reddy Former Director, NITHM. G. Mahender Reddy Assistant Professor, NITHM. Prof. P Narayana Reddy REVA University, Bangalore. 1 Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Tourism in India Module Name/Title Forms of Tourism Module Id IC / TI / 03 Pre requisites Forms of tourism, importance To study about different types of tourism and its Objectives and importance Tourism, Forms, Nature, culture, Eco Tourism, Keywords Activity based tourism E-Text (Quadrant-I): Introduction: Today, people are feverishly participating in tourism. This may include short trips during the week, weekend breaks or long journeys during holidays. Old age pensioners have a dream of retiring to a place where the weather is good and the prices are low. Without any external pressure, millions of people flock to destinations of their own free will. Long lines of cars, crowded buses, trains and jumbo jets go all over the world. As a result, the beaches become too small, shops and restaurants become very crowded, porting facilities and the environment are degraded and worn down with years of being admired and used. Subsequently, the world shrinks. For an increasing number of people, work is no longer the main purpose of life and this encourages tourism. Modem tourism is one of the most striking phenomena of our times and tourism offers us an opportunity to learn, to enrich humanity and to identify what may be termed as goals for a better life and a better society. But conservationists want to change things. They want to arrest the spread of the “landscape eaters" who have transformed the countryside with their mass migration. Forms and types of tourism emerge within the context of changing social values. For example, in modern society, the value of ‘being’ has been superseded by the value of ‘having’. Possession, property, wealth, ego and consumption have become more important than community, tolerance, moderation, sensibility and modesty. Learning outcomes This chapter provides an overview of the different forms of tourism, its importance, popular destinations. After reading this chapter you will be able to understand the following: Emergence of types and forms of tourism Major forms of tourism Nature based Tourism forms Culture based Tourism forms Recreation Tourism forms Popular tourism forms in India. 2 1.0 Emergence of Forms of Tourism Forms of tourism emerge from different fields of tension such as: workhest, the state of being awake or asleep, exertion/relaxation, income/expenditure, job/ family, freedom/necessity, risk or security. Similarly, dirt, noise, rush, pollution and trouble etc. are all key expressions of such tension. The possibility of going away is very important in such a situation. The desire for tourism is therefore determined socially. Governments promote tourism, people talk about their holidays, unions sponsor holidays, health insurance covers visits to spas, tax rebates are given for holiday homes and corporations reward employees with travel instead of bonus money. Seasonal pressures strengthen the urge to get away from home. Annual vacations, the media, literature and fashion all strengthen the holiday mania. The tourism industry whets the appetite with tantalizing offers of entertainment and pleasure. The commercialization of recreation functions within the well-established principles of a free market economy. In the past, holiday homes and limited foreign travel were subsidized for workers in the erstwhile socialist countries. In today’s context, the different types of tourism are as follows: rest and recuperation, escape, communication, culture and education, freedom, health, special interest tours, adventure and wild life, convention tourism etc. Tourism typologies reflect the variety of options that tourists can avail. In other words, it can be said that tourists get a wide range of opportunities to participate in tourism activities. These forms which range from pilgrimage, leisure and adventure to space tourism also reflect the styles, interests, values, preferences and motivations. The basic nature of tourism product offers a particular form for a particular tourism activity. For example, a temple facilitates pilgrimage tourism to grow. Similarly, natural and scenic spots offer nature based or adventurous or eco-tourism. Thus, there are more than 50 forms (types) of tourism. Some important forms are: Adventure, Antarctic, Agro, Arctic, Beach, Business, City, Creative/Curative, Dark, Eco, Enclave, Ethnic, Event, Factory, Farm, Food, Golf, Ghetto, Green, Health, Holiday, Heritage, Historical, Industrial, Island, Leisure, Literary, Marine, Motor Coach, Pilgrimage, Rural, Space, Spiritual, Sports, Urban, Wildlife, Youth and Wine tourism. The details are furnished below on some of the forms of tourism. Based on the different activities of tourists, the forms or types of tourism are broadly categorized as Nature Based Tourism, Culture and Heritage Based Tourism, Lisure and Recreation Based Tourism and Adventure Based Tourism. The details are as follows: Nature Based Tourism includes Eco- Tourism, Agri-Tourism, Form Tourism, Jungle Tourism, Garden Tourism, Green Tourism, Wildlife Tourism, Beach Tourism, Costal Tourism, Disaster Tourism, Extreme Tourism, Greif Tourism, Dark Tourism, Ethnic Tourism, Indigenous Tourism, Curative Tourism and Health Tourism. Culture Based Tourism encapsules Cultural and Heritage Tourism, Archaeological Tourism, Battle field Tourism, Culinary Tourism, Food Tourism, Educational Tourism, Endogenous Tourism, Geo-Tourism, Literary Tourism, Music Tourism, Religious Tourism or Piligrimage Tourism,Spiritual Tourism and Tribal Tourism. Leisure and Recreational Tourism includes Business Tourism, E- Tourism, Mice Tourism, City Tourism, Creative Tourism, Cruise Tourism, Drug Tourism, Factory Tourism, Industrial Tourism, Ghetto Tourism, Helicopter Tourism, Medical Tourism, Rural tourism, Shoping Tourism, Township Tourism, Wine Tourism, Youth Tourism and Enclave Tourism. Adventure Tourism covers Antaritic Tourism, Arctic Tourism, Dark Tourism, Sports Tourism and Space Tourism. 2.0 Nature Based Tourism Forms Agri-Tourism is a style of spending vacation which is normally in agricultural farms. Agri- Tourism includes any farm open to the public at least in a part of the year. Tourists can pick fruits and vegetables, ride horses, taste honey, learn about wine, shop in farm gift shops and 3 farm stands for local and regional products or hand-crafted gifts and much more. Agritourism is developing into a large part of the tourism industry and will soon be one of the largest sectors of tourism. Agri-tourism thus describes the act of visiting a working farm or any agricultural, horticultural or agribusiness operation to enjoy, know and involve in activities. Examples of agri-tourism activities are the following: Farm tours for families and school children, Day camps, Hands-on chores, Self-harvesting of produce, Hay or sleigh rides, and Overnight stays in a bed and breakfast in farm lands. Some people become involved in Agri-tourism as a way of supplementing their income. Others desire an opportunity to educate the public and introduce them to farming. Beach Tourism: Visiting the shore of the water body marked by abundant accumulates of sand deposited by tide or waves or visiting coastal areas for leisure purpose is Beach Tourism. Surrounded by water on three sides, the vast peninsular coastline of India offers an amazing array of beaches. Both the West and East Coast of India offer verdant vistas of palm on the Arabian Sea shores or the Bay of Bengal. On the west coast there are miles of sandy beaches broken into attractive bays by rocky headlands. The most popular ones are the beaches of Goa and Kovalam at Kerala. The beaches on the eastern coast are less well developed. The best known beaches are the beaches of Mahabalipuram and a small but exquisite beach in Odisha that is called Gopalpuronsea. Curative Tourism: Visiting the Landscapes, hot springs curative and mineral waters for medical treatment is called Curative Tourism. This form of tourism is a temporary movement, by which a tourist (patient) travels for the purpose of treatment, whether it is medical or therapeutic in healing certain disease or for relaxation and physical up keeping. This movement should be voluntary or by a doctor’s recommendation. The author can define curative tourism as: Travelling for the purpose of treatment from certain body disorder or for relaxation and recreation in natural therapeutic sources such as hot and mineral springs, salt lakes, mud, radioactive sand, herbal baths, sun and climate and a like, for a period of time (on an average, for 2-4 weeks) and can be months depending on the type of disease. The patient can be fully or partially under medical supervision. Besides, he/she can do certain tourist sports or cultural activities if his/her case permits. Disaster Tourism: It is the act of travelling to a disaster area as a matter of curiosity. The behavior can be a nuisance if it hinders rescue, relief and recovery operations. Disaster tourism would refer to travelling to places affected by natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis, and earthquakes. Ecotourism: It is also known as Ecological Tourism. This form of tourism that appeals to ecologically and socially conscious individuals. It involves travel to destinations where