The Communications Security, Reliability and Interoperability Council III Working Group 3 “Leveraging LBS and Emerging Location Technologies for Indoor Wireless E9-1-1” March 14, 2013 WORKING GROUP 3 E9-1-1 Location Accuracy Report – Leveraging LBS and Emerging Location Technologies for Indoor Wireless E9-1-1 1 The Communications Security, Reliability and Interoperability Council III Working Group 3 “Leveraging LBS and Emerging Location Technologies for Indoor Wireless E9-1-1” TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Results in Brief ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.1. Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 2 1.2. Structure of the Working Group 3 Leveraging LBS Technologies ...................................... 2 2. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 2 2.1. CSRIC III Structure .............................................................................................................. 2 2.2. Working Group 3 Outdoor Sub-Group Team Members ....................................................... 3 3. OBJECTIVE, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................ 5 3.1. Objective ............................................................................................................................... 5 3.2. SCOPE .................................................................................................................................. 6 3.3. OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES........................................................................................ 6 4. LOCATION TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT CRITERIA ................................................ 7 4.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 7 4.2. Parametric Criteria and other Attributes ............................................................................... 7 4.3. Database Integrity and Maintenance ..................................................................................... 9 4.3.1. Wireless WAN Cell ID/Base Station Locations ............................................................. 9 4.3.2. Wi-Fi AP databases....................................................................................................... 10 4.3.2.1. Managed Access Points ................................................................................................ 11 4.3.2.2. Crowd-sourced Access Point Databases ....................................................................... 11 4.3.2.3. Access Point Databases Created from Drive Testing ................................................... 11 4.3.3. RF Fingerprinting database ........................................................................................... 12 4.3.4. Beacon Location (Indoor or Metropolitan) ................................................................... 14 4.4. Standards Impact ................................................................................................................. 15 4.5. Morphology limitations on specific technologies (e.g., AP density for Wi-Fi location).... 16 4.6. Penetration of certain auxiliary technologies in UEs .......................................................... 16 4.7. Business & Institutional Issues ........................................................................................... 16 4.7.1. Private Databases .......................................................................................................... 16 4.7.2. Legal/Liability Concerns for using cLBS Location for E9-1-1 .................................... 17 4.7.3. Cost Considerations. ..................................................................................................... 18 4.7.4. Location Privacy Concerns. .......................................................................................... 19 5. Discussion of LBS and Emerging Location Technologies ................................................. 19 5.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 19 5.2. LBS Technologies now in use, but not currently deployed for E9-1-1 .............................. 20 5.2.1. Wi-Fi ............................................................................................................................. 20 Navizon .................................................................................................................................. 20 Parametric performance claims for location accuracy and TTFF .......................................... 21 Multimode concerns ............................................................................................................... 21 UE Impact .............................................................................................................................. 21 Carrier Network Impact ......................................................................................................... 22 Standards Impact .................................................................................................................... 22 2 The Communications Security, Reliability and Interoperability Council III Working Group 3 “Leveraging LBS and Emerging Location Technologies for Indoor Wireless E9-1-1” Background Power ................................................................................................................. 22 Skyhook .................................................................................................................................. 22 Parametric performance claims for location accuracy and TTFF .......................................... 26 Multimode concerns ............................................................................................................... 27 UE Impact .............................................................................................................................. 27 Carrier Network Impact ......................................................................................................... 27 Standards Impact .................................................................................................................... 27 Background Power ................................................................................................................. 28 5.2.2. User Plane LBS ............................................................................................................. 28 5.2.3. A-GNSS ........................................................................................................................ 29 5.3. Emerging Location Technologies with Potential Benefit for E-9-1-1 ................................ 30 5.3.1. Metropolitan Beacon: NextNav ................................................................................... 30 Parametric performance claims for location accuracy and TTFF .......................................... 33 Multimode concerns ............................................................................................................... 33 UE Impact .............................................................................................................................. 33 Carrier Network Impact ......................................................................................................... 33 Standards Impact .................................................................................................................... 34 Background Power ................................................................................................................. 34 5.3.2. Bluetooth Beacon .......................................................................................................... 34 5.3.3. Network based downlink tri-lateration (O-TDOA) ...................................................... 35 Standards-based deployment based on Positioning Reference Signals (PRS) ....................... 35 Parametric performance claims for location accuracy and TTFF: ......................................... 37 Z-Height ................................................................................................................................. 37 Multimode concerns ............................................................................................................... 38 UE Impact .............................................................................................................................. 38 Carrier Network Impact ......................................................................................................... 38 Standards Impact .................................................................................................................... 38 Background Power ................................................................................................................. 38 O-TDOA/U-TDOA Approach offered by InvisiTrack .......................................................... 38 Parametric performance claims for location accuracy and TTFF .......................................... 40 Z-Height ................................................................................................................................. 40 Multimode concerns ..............................................................................................................