An Annotated List of VASCULAR PLANTS of CHIRICAHUA MOUNTAINS Including Pedregosa Mountains, Swisshelm Mountains Chiricahua National Monument, and Fort Bowie National Historic Site Peter S. Bennett R. Roy Johnson Michael R. Kunzmann Special Report No. 12 October 1996 United States Geological Survey Biological Resources Division Cooperative Park Studies Unit School of Renewable Natural Resources 125 Biological Sciences East University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 Authors Peter S. Bennett Michael R. Kunzmann USGS Biological Resources Division USGS Biological Resources Division Cooperative Park Studies Unit Cooperative Park Studies Unit The University of Arizona The University of Arizona 125 Biological Sciences East 125 Biological Sciences East Tucson, Arizona 85721 Tucson, Arizona 85721 R. Roy Johnson 3755 Hunters Run Tucson, Arizona 85730 Unit Personnell William L. Halvorson, Unit Leader Joan Ford, Research Unit Assistant Peter S. Bennett, Research Ecologist Gloria J. Maender, Editorial Assistant Cecil R. Schwalbe, Research Ecologist Mary N. Greene, Secredary Michael R. Kunsmann, Ecologist Tod A. Gregoire, Word Processing Specialist Katherine L. Hiett, Biological Technician 520/670-6885 520/621-1174 FTS 520/670-6885 Reports in this series are produced in limited quantities. As long as the supply lasts, copies may be obtained from BRD-CPSU/UA, 125 Biological Sciences East, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721. This report was printed on recycled paper. CONTENTS List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................................... vi Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................................vii Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................1 Study Area................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Geology ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Climate ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Soils........................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Soils of the Valley Floor, River Bottoms, and Alluvial Fans ..................................................................... 13 Soils of Valley Slopes and Foothills ........................................................................................................... 14 Soils of the Mountains ................................................................................................................................ 14 Vegetation ................................................................................................................................................................. 15 Subalpine Conifer Forest: Engelmann Spruce - Douglas Fir - Mixed Conifer Series ................................ 15 Madrean Montane Conifer Forest: Douglas-fir - Mixed Conifer Series ......................................................16 Madrean Montane Conifer Forest: Pine Series ............................................................................................17 Madrean Evergreen Forest and Woodland: Oak-Pine Series...................................................................... 17 Madrean Evergreen Forest and Woodland Formation: Encinal Oak Series .................................................18 Warm Temperate Scrublands: Interior Chaparral ....................................................................................... 19 Warm Temperate Grasslands: Scrub-Grassland (Semidesert Grasslands).................................................. 19 Chihuahuan Desert Scrub............................................................................................................................ 20 Interior Southwestern Swamp and Riparian Scrub; Mixed Scrub (Xeroriparian) Series............................ 21 Arctic - Boreal Grasslands .......................................................................................................................... 22 Cold Temperate Grasslands ........................................................................................................................ 22 Interior Southwestern Riparian Deciduous Forest and Woodland: Mixed Broadleaf Series ...................... 22 Interior Southwestern Riparian Deciduous Forest and Woodland: Cottonwood-Willow Series ..................23 Madrean Marsh, Lakes, Ponds, and Stock Tanks........................................................................................ 23 Flora........................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Sources of the Flora List ............................................................................................................................. 24 Botanical Exploration.................................................................................................................................. 25 Phytogeography......................................................................................................................................................... 29 Species Richness ......................................................................................................................................... 29 Geographic Affinities of the Flora ................................................................................................................32 Chiricahua Annotated Checklist................................................................................................................................ 35 Structure of the List..................................................................................................................................... 35 Literature Cited........................................................................................................................................................ 205 Appendix 1. Forrest Shreve's List of 534 Blumer Collections .................................................................................214 iii FIGURES Figure 1. General Map of Southeastern Arizona .........................................................................................................4 Figure 2. Chiricahua Mountains and Vicinity ..............................................................................................................5 Figure 3. Chiricahua Mountains and vicinity depicting localities appearing on U.S.G.S. topographic sheets and the boundary of the study....................................................................................................................6 Figure 4. Ranges of the Madrean Archipelago in Northern Mexico and Southeastern Arizona..................................7 Figure 5. Tectonic Map of Southeastern Arizona Depicting the Relationship of the Madrean Archipelago Ranges and the Allochthon Plates..............................................................................................................9 Figure 6. Preliminary Geologic Map of the Turkey Creek Caldera ...........................................................................10 iv Tables Table 1. Mean Annual precipitation in the Chiricahua Mountains............................................................ 12 Table 2. Flora Characteristics of 6 Ranges of the Madrean Archipelago .................................................. 31 Table 3. Input Data for Estimation of Species Numbers ........................................................................... 33 Table 4. Geographic Distribution of the Chiricahua Flora ........................................................................ 34 Table 5. Chiricahua Flora Life Forms ..................................................................................................................35 v Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the professional assistance and suggestions made by Charles Mason, Phil Jenkins, and Becky Van Devender at the Herbarium, University of Arizona (ARIZ); Don Pinkava, Les Landrum and Elaine Joyal at the Herbarium, Arizona State University (ASU); and Richard Spellenberg at the Herbarium New Mexico State University (NMC). Steven McLauglin and Janice Bowers made lists of their collections from the Huachuca and Pinaleno Mountains available. Mark Fishbein made his list of his collections in the Chiricahua Mountains and Sierra de los Ajos available for inclusion in our list. Dave Moore, Superintendent of Chiricahua National Monument, Paul Thompson, Ranger In Charge of Fort Bowie National Historic Site, Wade Sherbrooke, Director