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Harvard Asia Quarterly Fall 2003 1 HAQ CONTENTS HAQ Editorial Staff Editor in Chief Jennifer Chien Harvard Law School Executive Editor Melody Chu Harvard Law School Managing Editor Focus: Current Topics in Health and Modernization in Asia Loretta Kim Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Circulation Manager Eva Chan Harvard Law School 4 Understanding the Context of Emerging Pathogens in China Production Editors Gail E. Henderson Damon Clark Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Melody Chu The SARS crisis and China’s response to it highlighted both the modernization Harvard Law School of China’s health care system and the serious flaws that remain. Gail Henderson explores the rapid development of China’s public health system Area Editors Loretta Kim, Central Asia over the past few decades and explores the lessons to be learned. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Yongwook Ryu, China Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Jein Do, Korea Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Danny Ooi, Japan 9 The Politics of China’s SARS Crisis Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Holly Gayley, South Asia Yanzhong Huang Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Richa Gulati, South Asia Huang presents a political analysis of the SARS epidemic crisis in China. He Harvard Law School argues that a problematic institutional structure prevented information flow Umej Bhatia, Southeast Asia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences within the state bureaucracy, resulting in the initial official denial of the dis- ease, policy inaction, and exacerbation of the epidemic. However, the same Associate Editors authoritarian governmental structure enabled the authorities to deal with the Harvard Law School Eva Chan crisis in an expedient fashion. Ernest Lim Haifeng Huang Jimmy Gao Frank Jin Diya Kapur Lauren Kim 17 Gender, Medicine, and Modernity: Childbirth in Tibet Amy Lehr Rich Lin Today Adrian Lu Jennifer Chertow Matt Peckosh Sean Rosario Chertow explores the formation of an emergent modernity in Tibet regarding Karen Tseng Thomas Tso childbirth practices and reproductive choices. While arguing that China Tzung-bor Wei inscribes its nation-building policies onto women’s bodies, she details the David Welker myriad ways that Tibetan women actively negotiate their engagement with Kenneth Yap Sun Ying government health incentives and traditional medical practices. Jennifer Youn Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Megan Burnett Denise Ho Leighna Kim Hawon Lee Steve Lin John Ng Michelle Powers Jean Francois Rene Karen Teoh Graduate School of Design Michelle Lee Harvard Asia Quarterly 2 Fall 2003 Volume VII, No. 4 Fall 2003 HARVARD ASIA QUARTERLY is a publication affiliated with the Harvard Asia Center. HAQ was established in 1997 by members of the Harvard Asia Law Society in conjunction with students from other graduate and professional programs at Harvard University as an inter- disciplinary journal of contemporary Asian af- fairs. LETTERS HAQ welcomes readers’ letters and com- ments. HAQ reserves the right to edit corre- General Articles spondence for length or format, and the right to decline publication. Letters should be ad- dressed to the editor and submitted to the address below, or sent to: [email protected] SUBMISSIONS 29 India’s Foreign Policy Towards China: The NDA HAQ invites the submission of articles and Experience essays to be considered for publication. Sub- missions should address matters of contem- Raviprasad Narayanan porary concern in Asia. Submissions should be delivered in electronic form via email. All Narayanan analyzes the policy of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) submitted materials become the property of government towards China since 1998. He details the perceptions and HAQ. HAQ reserves the right to reject sub- missions and to edit materials for length, for- issues dominating Sino-Indian relations, providing a window into the signifi- mat and content. To receive HAQ Editorial cance of Prime Minister Vajpayee’s recent visit to China. Guidelines, submissions schedules, or addi- tional information, please contact HAQ at the address below, or visit our website at www.haqonline.org. Electronic submissions or inquiries should be sent to: [email protected] 35 Towards a Sustainable Rural Development Policy SUBSCRIPTIONS in Vietnam Annual subscriptions to HAQ are available at a rate of $28.00 (individual subscribers) and Khai Q. Nguyen $35.00 (institutional subscribers) for four is- sues delivered in the United States and $45.00 Vietnam’s rural sector remains underdeveloped despite the country’s overall for deliveries elsewhere. For more informa- significant growth. Nguyen warns that a widening income gap between rural tion, please contact HAQ or your academic periodical subscription service. Subscriptions and urban sectors may result in undesired social and political conse- are available online at our website: quences for Vietnam’s stability. The timely implementation of his proposed www.haqonline.org short-term and long-term remedies is urgent, especially in view of Vietnam’s WTO accession. Please address all correspondence to: Harvard Asia Quarterly c/o Harvard Asia Center 1737 Cambridge Street Cambridge, MA 02138 46 Unlocking South Asia’s Economic Potential: USA Considering an FTA between Sri Lanka and the US Fax: (617) 495-9976 William H. Avery www.haqonline.org email: [email protected] Avery discusses how Sri Lanka could potentially be a powerful catalyst in advancing South Asian economies, further opening up the region to wider international trade, and promoting peace and political stability. He argues Credits: that strong economic ties between Sri Lanka and the US are critical to Cover Photo: Rafael Wober helping the region emulate the economic success that East Asia has Photo credits: Andrew Thompson (p. 11), experienced in the last few decades. Rafael Wober (p. 12), Jennifer Chertow (p. 19, 22), Khai Q. Nguyen (pp. 37, 39, 42), Rafael Wober (pp. 47, 49). No material appearing in this publication may be reproduced without the permission of the publisher. The opinions expressed in this pub- lication are those of the contributors and are not necessarily shared by the editors or pub- lishers. All statements of fact and opinion represent the work of the author, who remains solely responsible for the content. All edito- rial rights reserved. Copyright © 2003 by the President and Fel- lows of Harvard College. (ISSN 1522-4147). Harvard Asia Quarterly Fall 2003 3 UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT OF EMERGING PATHOGENS IN CHINA BY GAIL E. HENDERSON n the early 20th century, America perceived China as the ‘sick man of Asia.’1 In 1948, a report by the UN Relief Organization stated, “China presents perhaps the greatest and most intractable public Gail E. Henderson, PhD is a medical sociolo- I health problem of any nation in the world.” Two decades later, the domi- gist, Professor of Social Medicine, and Adjunct Professor of Sociology at the University of nant image of Mao’s China was one of healthy, red-cheeked babies born North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her teaching and to a nation that provided health care for all.2 There is an appealing simplic- research interests include health and inequal- ity in using such images – no matter how incomplete – to characterize a ity, health and health care in China, and research regime. ethics. She is lead editor of Social Medicine Reader (Duke University Press, 1997). Her dis- More recently, the spread of HIV/AIDS in China in the 1990s and the sertation, a study of a teaching hospital in SARS epidemic of 2003 have created a new set of health-related images for Wuhan, was published as The Chinese Hospi- China, of a regime unequal to the challenges of potentially disastrous tal: A Socialist Work Unit (Yale University Press epidemics, with a dangerously inadequate health care system. Newspaper 1984). She has been involved in numerous health studies in China. She is the co-editor, reports