UNIT 2: PHARMACOLOGY Table of Contents Page OverviewU U ................................................................................................................ 5 ♦U U ObjectivesU U .........................................................................................................................6 •U U ExplainU the Relationship of Drug Effects on Body SystemsU ............................................6 •U U TheU 8 rights of medication administrationU ........................................................................6 •U U TranscriptionU of ordersU ......................................................................................................6 MedicationU AbbreviationsU .................................................................................... 7 MedicalU MeasurementsU ....................................................................................... 10 DrugU ClassificationsU ................................................................................................ MedicationU Classification Terms and DefinitionsU ............................................ 14 ♦U U DrugU SourcesU ...................................................................................................................16 ♦U U MedicationU NamesU ..........................................................................................................17 PowerPointU Slide – Medication NamesU ............................................................. 18 ♦U U MedicationU CategoriesU ....................................................................................................19 ControlledU Substances Power Point SlidesU ....................................................... 22 ♦U U MedicationU Forms and TypesU .........................................................................................27 ♦U U LiquidU U ..............................................................................................................................27 •U U UnitU Dose AmpulesU .........................................................................................................27 ♦U U SolidsU U ..............................................................................................................................28 ♦U U PowderU U ............................................................................................................................29 ♦U U VialsU U ................................................................................................................................29 ♦U U LotionsU U ............................................................................................................................29 ♦U U OintmentsU U ........................................................................................................................30 Table of Contents Continued Page ♦U U SuppositoriesU U ...................................................................................................................30 ♦U U TransdermalU MedicationsU ...............................................................................................30 ♦U U EffectsU of MedicationsU ....................................................................................................31 ♦U U DesiredU EffectsU ................................................................................................................31 ♦U U AdverseU EffectsU ...............................................................................................................31 ♦U U NoU Apparent EffectU .........................................................................................................32 ♦U U DrugU InteractionsU ............................................................................................................32 PharmacologyU TermsU .......................................................................................... 34 MedicationU Actions and Side Effects ActivityU ....................................................................39 MEDICATIONU ADMINISTRATIONU .................................................................. EightU Rights of Safe Medication AdministrationU ................................................................48 MedicationU OrdersU .............................................................................................. 51 ♦U U PrescriptionU U .....................................................................................................................51 ♦U U PsychotropicU PRN’sU ........................................................................................................52 ♦U U PRNU Order ExampleU .......................................................................................................54 ♦U U CallingU In OrdersU ............................................................................................................56 ♦U U AppointmentU for Service/Order SheetU ............................................................................56 ♦U U TelephoneU OrdersU ............................................................................................................56 ♦U U FaxU or Facsimile OrdersU ..................................................................................................57 ♦U U AdmissionU Process/Other SettingsU ..................................................................................57 ♦U U PsychotropicU OrdersU ........................................................................................................57 ♦U U ScheduleU II Controlled SubstancesU .................................................................................58 ♦U U MedicalU OrdersU ...............................................................................................................58 ♦U U UponU Discharge from a HospitalizationU .........................................................................58 TranscribingU OrdersU ........................................................................................... 59 ♦U U NewU OrdersU .....................................................................................................................59 ♦U U DiscontinuedU OrdersU .......................................................................................................60 Table of Contents Continued Page ♦U U ChangedU OrdersU ..............................................................................................................61 ♦U U MedicationU OrderingU .......................................................................................................61 ♦U U InitialsU U .............................................................................................................................62 ♦U U UnusualU CircumstancesU ...................................................................................................62 ♦U U RefusalU U ............................................................................................................................63 MedicationU Administration Record (MAR)U ..................................................... 64 GeneralU InformationU ............................................................................................................64 MedicationU Name(s), Dose, Frequency, and RouteU .............................................................65 OrderU DateU ...........................................................................................................................65 DulyU Authorized Licensed PractitionerU ...............................................................................65 TimesU of AdministrationU......................................................................................................65 PRN’sU U ..................................................................................................................................65 ChangeU in Start DatesU ..........................................................................................................66 MARU ReviewU .......................................................................................................................66 SecondU Check:U ..................................................................................................... 66 MissingU Initials on the MARU ......................................................................................................67 ResidentU Refuses to Take Medication:U .......................................................................................68 LifeU Span For Drugs....................................................................................................................69U MARU Transcription ActivityU .......................................................................................................70 IncidentU ReportsU .................................................................................................. 73 ♦U U TypeU of ErrorsU .................................................................................................................73 ♦U U ContaminationU U .................................................................................................................74 ♦U U PharmacyU Package/Label errorU .......................................................................................75 ♦U U OtherU U ................................................................................................................................... ♦U U TipsU for Error PreventionU ................................................................................................75