Design of a Remote Weather Factors Monitoring System Misoon Siddig Ali Omer B.Sc. (Honors) in Computer Engineering University of Gezira (2012) A Dissertation Submitted to the University of Gezira in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Science in Computer Engineering and Networking Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology May 2016 1 A Design of a Remote Weather Factors Monitoring System Misoon Siddig Ali Omer Supervision Committee: Name Position Signature Dr. Abdalla Akoud Osman Main ……..………... Supervisor Dr. Sally Dafaalla Co-supervisor …………….… Awadalkarim May/2016 2 A Design of a Remote Weather Factors Monitoring System Misoon Siddig Ali Omer Examination committee: Name Position Signature Dr. Abdalla Akoud Chairperson ……………... Osman Dr.Mohamed Hussein External ……………..…. Mohamed Examiner Dr. Maha Ebied Internal ……………..…. Mohammed Ziada Examiner Date of Examination: 15/5/2016 3 Acknowledgments All praise to Allah almighty, who is the one and only creator of this whole universe and who helps everyone to complete the work he/she starts. This project was carried out at the Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, University of Gezira, Sudan under the supervision of D.Abdalla Akoud Osman. I would like to express am sincere gratitude to am thesis supervisors D.Abdalla Akoud Osman. This thesis would not have been possible without his advice and encouragement. I am extremely thankful to him for taking us under his supervision when every teacher was busy. I would also like to give our sincere regards to D.Sally Dffaalla for support and help. Finally, I would like to thank my family members, friends and all the teachers’ staff who taught us all these years. 4 Design of a Remote Weather Factors Monitoring System Misoon Siddig Ali Omer Abstract Wireless sensor network become the most important part in any technology that need to control the environment, because it is enabling interaction between persons or computers and the surrounding environment. One of the new trends that needs the wireless sensor network is military applications. Some of the previous studies were designed wireless weather station based on wireless sensor network to measure the weather factors such as temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure, then sends this measured factors to personal computer in central station using bluetooth module but this module has limited range (10 m at 1 mill watt transmit power). The main objective of this research is to overcome this problem and design a reliable, inexpensive, small, and easy movement remote weather factors monitoring system for Sudan's military that helping them in routing the military equipment to oriented and hit the predetermined target accurately 5 without human and material losses. The methodology based on wireless sensor network technology to design of a remote weather factors monitoring system consists of three nodes located in different places to measure all of the surrounding weather factors by using four sensors (temperature and humidity sensor, wind direction sensor, wind speed sensor, and atmosphere pressure sensor), which connected with Arduino then sends this measured factors to a graphical user interface (GUI) in a central computer via xbee wireless communication module that operate within 2.4 GHz frequency band. The results of this research shows the averages of the measured weather factors received from the nodes after being calculated by the central station has stored in a database and displayed on monitoring screen. In conclusion, this project is more accurate, simple, it is important to notice that this research considered as the first one to solve this problem. It is recommended that to implement this research in the future, and to use another wireless communication module with wide rage such as very high frequency device (VHF). 6 تصوين ًظام لوراقبة العواهل الجويه عي بعد هيسوى صديق علي عور هلخص الدراسه في العالن الحالي ، اﻻجصاﻻت الﻻسلكيَ جسححذم تشكل أساسي في اﻷهجِشٍ الحي جححاج جزاسل تياًات ﻷهاكي تعيذٍ.احذ اﻻججاُات الجذيذٍ الحي جححاج اسحخذام الشثكات الﻻسكليَ ُْ الجيش.تعط الذراسات الساتقَ إسحخذهث الشثكَ الﻻسلكيَ هع هجِاس جحذيذ الوْاقع لحساعذ هجٌْد الوظﻻت في جحذيذ هْقعِن تعذ ّصْلِن لﻻرض ّأثٌاء جحزكِن.أيعا عٌذها يصل الجٌْد هٌطقَ الحزب يكًْْا هحفزقيي ّﻻيسحطيعْى إيجاد تععِن الثعط تسزعَ ،أحياًا تعط الجٌْد ﻻيجذّى هعذاجِن الحي جن القاءُا هي الطائزٍ لﻻرض. كل هاسثق ُي هشاكل جحذخ لجٌْد الوظﻻت.الِذف اﻻساسي هي ُذٍ الذراسَ ُي الحخلص هي كل ُذٍ الوشاكل. في ُذٍ الذراسَ كل هجٌذي هي هجٌْد الوظﻻت يجة أى يحول هجِاس هحٌقل الطزيقَ الوسحخذهَ ٌُا جحعوي عذٍ خطْات أّﻻ قزاءٍ هْقع الجٌذي هي هجِاس الحعقة ّعزض ُذا الوْقع في شاشَ العزض ، ثاًيا ارسالِا للجٌذي الزئيسي عي طزيق إكسثي ﻻسلكيا ،ثالثا الجٌذي الزئيسي يزسل كل ُذٍ الثياًات للحاسْب الوزكشي الذي هْقعَ في هكاى تعيذ هي كل الجٌْد ،الحاسْب الوزكشي يححْي علي ّاهجة هسحخذم رسْهيَ في شكل خزيطَ جعزض هْقعِن تإسحوزار اثٌاء جحزكِن.في الواظي كاى الشهي الﻻسم لحجويع هعلْهات عي هجٌْد الوظﻻت كثيز هجذا ، لكي ًحيجة ُذا الحصوين ساعذ في جقليل سهي هجوع الوعلْهات.في الخاجوَ ّهجذ اى الجِاس الجذيذ اصثح أقل حجوا ،اكثز سزيَ ّيسحِلك سهي تيسط لجوع الوعلْهات. جْصي ُذٍ الذراسَ تأى يصون ُذا الجِاس تذّائز هحٌاُيَ الصغز ليكْى كل الجِاس في حجن ساعَ يذ أّ أقل. 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Subject page Dedication ………………………………………………….………………..……….. iv Acknowledgments …..…………………………………………………….………….. v Abstract…………….………………………………….……………….…..….….……. vi Abstract (in Arabic)..………………………………………………………………… vii Table of contents …….……………………………………………………………….. viii List of Figures ……….……………………………………………………………….. xii List of Tables ……………..……………………………………………………….. xiv List of Abbreviations ...…………….……………………………………………… xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem identification .............................................................................................2 1.3 Motivation ..........................................................................................................….2 1.4 Objectives ......................................................................................………………2 1.5 Research Methodology ……………..…………………………...............................2 1.6 Research layout. ……………………………………………..….............................3 ix CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Background ………………..……………………………………….......………… 4 8 2.1.1 Wireless Sensor Network ………………..……………….…………………4 2.1.1.1 How Wireless Sensor Network Work……………………….………..5 2.1.1.2 Components of WSN………………………. ….…………..…………6 2.1.2 Current Wireless Systems: (Bluetooth and ZigBee)…………..……………..8 2.1.3 Weather Station ……………………………………………………………..11 2.1.3.1 Measuring Temperature ……..………..…….….……….……............11 2.1.3.2 Measuring Air Pressure…………………..…………………….…… .12 2.1.3.3 Wind Speed.……………………………………..….…….….………..12 2.1.3.4 Wind Direction………………….……..…….….….…….….……..….13 2.1.3.5 Humidity……………………………...….….……...….…………........13 2.1.4 Computer Interfaces ………………………………………………………….. .17 2.1.5 Arduino …………………………………………………………………………18 2.1.5.1 Hardware ………………………………………………………………....18 2.1.5.2Software………………………………………………………………......19 2.1.5.3 Example of Arduino Boards ……………………………………………20 2.2 Literature Review …………………….…………………………………………….21 2.2.1 Related Studies …………..……………………………………………….......21 2.2.2. Summary ………………………...………………………………………. …23 x CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 System Design Steps ………………..……………………….………….………...26 3.2 Flow Chart………..………………….……………………….……...……….…... 27 9 3.3 The System Implementation……………………………………………………….28 3.3.1 Simulation System Components…………..……………………………….28 3.3.2 The Hardware Requirements ……………………………………………....30 3.3.2.1 Arduino mega 2560 ………………………………………………30 3.3.2.2 DHT11…………………………………………………………….30 3.3.2.3 MPX4115 …………………………...……………………………31 3.3.2.4Wind Direction Sensor ………………………………………...…31 3.3.2.5 Xbee ………………………………………………………………32 3.3.3 The Software Requirements ……………………………………….…………33 3.3.3.1 Visual Studio 2010 Software …………………………………………33 3.3.3.2 SQL Server 2008 R2 ……………………………………...………….35 CHAPTER 4: SIMULATION AND RESULTS 4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 36 4.2 Results …………………………………………………………………………….36 4.2.1 Execute system steps …………………………………………………….....36 4.3 Discussion…………………………………………………………………………50 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….... 51 5.2 Recommendations………………………..……………….……….……………… 51 xi REFERENCES……………………………………………………....…...52 10 xii LIST OF FIGURES Figure name page Figure 2.1: Wireless Sensor Network …………………………………………………...4 Figure 2.2: Architecture of Sensor Node…………………………………………………6 Figure 2.3: ZigBee Topology...........................................................................................10 Figure 2.4: The Weather Balloon……………………………………………………….16 Figure 2.5: Examples of Arduino ………………………………………………………20 Figure 3.1: The Components of each Sensor Node……………………………………..25 Figure 3.2: Block Diagram……………………………………………………………..25 Figure 3.3: The Frame Format from Central Station to the Specific Sensor Node…….26 Figure 3.4: The Frame Format from the Arduino Board to the Central Station……….26 Figure 3.5: The Operational Flow Chart of the System………………………………...27 Figure 3.6: The System Circuit…………………………………………………………28 Figure 3.7: Arduino Mega 2560………………………………………………………..30 Figure 3.8: Real DHT11 ………………………………………………………………31 Figure 3.9: Simulate Wind Direction Sensor………………………………………….32 Figure 3.10: