EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE ET MEDITERRANEENNE POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES 20-25492 Pest Risk Analysis for Naupactus xanthographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), South American fruit tree weevil Image: Adult Naupactus xanthographus (R. Ripa Schaul) September 2020 EPPO 21 Boulevard Richard Lenoir 75011 Paris www.eppo.int [email protected] The risk assessment follows EPPO standard PM 5/5(1) Decision-Support Scheme for an Express Pest Risk Analysis (available at http://archives.eppo.int/EPPOStandards/pra.htm), as recommended by the Panel on Phytosanitary Measures. Pest risk management (detailed in Annex 1) was conducted according to the EPPO Decision-support scheme for quarantine pests PM 5/3(5). The risk assessment uses the terminology defined in ISPM 5 Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms (available at https://www.ippc.int/index.php). Cite this document as: EPPO (2020) Pest risk analysis for Naupactus xanthographus. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/NAUPXA/documents Based on this PRA, Naupactus xanthographus was added to the EPPO A1 List of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests in 2020. Measures for host plants for planting and host fruits are recommended. Pest risk analysis for Naupactus xanthographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), South American fruit tree weevil PRA area: EPPO region Prepared by: Expert Working Group (EWG) on Naupactus xanthographus Date: 26-29 March 2019. Further reviewed and amended by EPPO core members and Panel on Phytosanitary Measures (see below) Composition of the Expert Working Group (EWG) AVENDAÑO GARCIA Nuria (Ms) Tecnologias y Servicios Agrarios, Madrid, Spain. FRANCO Giulio (Mr) Agenzia regionale per lo sviluppo rurale del Friuli Venezia Giulia, Pozzuolo del Friuli, Italy. KORYCINSKA Anastasia (Ms) Plant and Animal Health, Defra, York, United Kingdom. LANTERI Analia Alicia (Ms) Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina. RIPA SCHAUL Renato (Mr) Centro de Entomología Aplicada Ltda, Quillota, Chile VAN DER GAAG Dirk Jan (Mr) National Plant Protection Organization, Wageningen, Netherlands. WILSTERMANN Anne (Ms) Julius Kuehn-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany ZEKIRI Mentor (Mr) Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Water Economy, Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia EPPO GROUSSET Fabienne (Ms) OEPP/EPPO, 21 boulevard Richard Lenoir, 75011 Paris, France TANNER Rob (Mr) [email protected] Observer ARIFKHANOVA Dilafruz (Ms) State Plant Quarantine Inspection under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The first draft of the PRA was prepared by the EPPO Secretariat. Ratings of likelihoods and levels of uncertainties were made during the meeting. These ratings are based on evidence provided in the PRA and on discussions in the group. Each EWG member provided a rating and a level of uncertainty anonymously and proposals were then discussed together in order to reach a final decision. Following the EWG, the PRA was further reviewed by the following core members: Björkdund N, Boberg J, Guitian Castrillon J M M (with the help of Fernández Gallego M M), Hannunen S and MacLeod A. The PRA, in particular the section on risk management, was reviewed and amended by the EPPO Panel on Phytosanitary Measures on 2019-10-22/24 and 2020-03-24/26. The EPPO Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations and Council agreed that Naupactus xanthographus should be added to the A1 List of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests in 2020. 1 CONTENTS Stage 1. Initiation .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Stage 2. Pest risk assessment ............................................................................................................................................ 5 1. Taxonomy ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Pest overview .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Morphology .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 Life cycle ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Temperature and humidity requirements ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Dispersal capacity of adults .......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.5 Nature of the damage .................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.6 Detection and identification .......................................................................................................................................... 8 3. Is the pest a vector? ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 4. Is a vector needed for pest entry or spread? .................................................................................................................... 9 5. Regulatory status of the pest ......................................................................................................................................... 10 6. Pest distribution ............................................................................................................................................................ 10 7. Host plants and their distribution in the PRA area ........................................................................................................ 12 8. Pathways for entry ........................................................................................................................................................ 18 8.1 Pathways studied ........................................................................................................................................................ 19 8.2 Pathways with a very low likelihood of entry ............................................................................................................. 27 8.3 Overall rating of the likelihood of entry: .................................................................................................................... 28 9. Likelihood of establishment outdoors in the PRA area ................................................................................................ 29 9.1 Host plants in the EPPO region .................................................................................................................................. 29 9.2 Climatic suitability ...................................................................................................................................................... 31 9.3 Biological considerations ............................................................................................................................................ 32 9.4 Conclusion on the likelihood of establishment outdoors ............................................................................................ 33 10. Likelihood of establishment in protected conditions in the PRA area ........................................................................ 33 11. Spread in the PRA area ............................................................................................................................................... 34 11.1 Natural spread ........................................................................................................................................................... 34 11.2 Human-assisted spread ............................................................................................................................................. 35 11.3 Conclusion on spread ................................................................................................................................................ 35 12. Impact in the current area of distribution .................................................................................................................... 35 12.1 Nature of the damage ................................................................................................................................................ 35 12.2 Direct and indirect impact on fruit and other host production .................................................................................. 36 12.3 Impact on export markets ......................................................................................................................................... 36 12.4 Environmental impact ............................................................................................................................................... 36 12.5 Existing control measures ......................................................................................................................................... 36 13. Potential impact in the PRA area ...............................................................................................................................