CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION GUIDELINES FOR THE REGULATORY CHAPTER 2 INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN ASIA AND FRAMEWORKS THE PACIFIC CHAPTER 3 ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC CHAPTER 4 GOALS OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT AND PRIORITIZED SERVICES IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC CHAPTER 5 RECOMMENDATIONS Bangkok,2019 $ #$ ! % " % #$ $$!% #$ % %! $* #! & "#!!% !!"#%! ! !& %#$ %! ' &$' $&$% '!" % #$% #! %#!'# % "%!# (% # %%$ $$!% #$ $ # $ $%#! #! % % !# !& %#$ $!& )% "#!&%$ %% $ $% %! % '!' ! ! $! '#! % ) $ ! % #! !$$! *$ $%#% !&$ $ %! '# ! % !# &$% '!" % ( % !$ ) # !# " #! !!"#%! )$$ !&" (% %$ "!) '$!#) $#'$ "%) & % $$$% %! !'# %$ $ %! $&""!#% !& %#$* $&$% &$' '!" % %! $ The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Secretariat. The opinions, figures and estimates set forth in this publication are the responsibility of the authors, and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or carrying the endorsement of the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Copyright © United Nations 2019 All rights reserved Printed in Bangkok GUIDELINES FOR THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS Bangkok,2019 4 GUIDELINES FOR THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC DEVELOPING REGULATORY of gross domestic product in Cambodia, ST Indonesia, Thailand and Viet Nam. GUIDELINES FOR 21 Research by the United States National CENTURY TRANSPORT IN Highway Traffic Safety Administration ASIA AND THE PACIFIC found that V2V and V2I technologies could prevent more than 80 per cent of It may be still some time before autonomous unimpaired-driver crashes in all types vehicles, also called “self-driving” or “driverless” of vehicles. vehicles, take to the roads, but vehicles are already ‘talking’ to each other as they speed along highways However, the effectiveness of and are alerting drivers to prevent collisions. ITS depends not just on physical Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure infrastructure and technologies, but also (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) are emerging requires a comprehensive regulatory ‘smart transport’ technologies that enable moving framework that defines the roles and vehicles to communicate with each other as well as responsibilities of the public and private with road infrastructure and other objects in order sectors as well as the R&D community to improve traffic safety and travel convenience. in ITS development and operation. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) use a mix of Regulations also help in integrating technologies to make transport safe, smart and current and emerging technologies. green, and are at different stages of deployment This is especially important in the Asia- across the Asia-Pacific region, where some Pacific region where some countries countries are already recognized as global ITS that are still in the early stages of ITS leaders. development are attempting to leapfrog the technology gap. ITS regulatory Autonomous vehicles, connected vehicles frameworks support the technical (V2V, V2I and V2X) and Mobility-as-a-Service (Maas) transition period of interoperability platforms that promote seamless connectivity and compatibility. are being tested and adopted in China, Seoul, Singapore and Tokyo. Advanced multi-lane, free- In the Asia-Pacific region, not all flow toll gates are being used in Turkey while Viet countries have adequate regulations to Nam is using “black box” cruise control support the planning, development and safety systems. A number of countries in the region operation of ITS. This study, supported are using cutting-edge technologies to facilitate by the Korea-ESCAP Cooperation Fund, smooth traffic flow, keep travellers updated offers guidelines for developing ITS with pre-trip and en route traffic information, regulatory frameworks in the region. and automatically collect tolls. It finds that the region’s growing economic and technological strengths, Although transport of people and goods is crucial a large youth population and improving for economic and social well-being, it also leads transport connectivity are among the to crashes and traffic congestion, and is a major advantages that can help overcome contributor to CO2 emissions and air pollution. challenges to ITS development. By improving safety and mobility while reducing health- and environment-harming vehicular This study also identifies ITS development emissions, ITS deployment supports regional opportunities in the region, including progress towards the Sustainable Development advanced traffic management centres, Goals (SDGs). Road crashes are estimated to smart mobility, cooperative-ITS, connected cause economic losses equal to about 3 per cent vehicles and autonomous vehicles. FOREWORD 5 Importance of ITS regulatory EXECUTIVE frameworks SUMMARY ITS regulatory frameworks are important for three categories of stakeholders in the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) development and operation of ITS, namely the are defined as “an agglomeration of public, private and academic sectors. diverse technologies that enhance the ITS regulatory frameworks define the roles and sustainability of transport systems in responsibility of each class of stakeholder, a safer, smarter and greener way”. ITS setting standards and the direction for contributes to increased transport future research and development. Regulatory safety, seamlessness and convenience frameworks also help bridge the gap between while reducing their environmental developing and least developed countries in impact, thereby supporting core the region that are in the early stages of ITS elements of the 2030 Agenda for deployment and those that are at an advanced Sustainable Development. stage of ITS operation. This is especially important in the region where some relatively Some countries in the Asia-Pacific region less developed countries are attempting to have emerged as world leaders in testing leapfrog the ITS technology gap. Regulatory and deploying advanced transport frameworks can provide the support during the technologies, but many countries are technical transition period of interoperability still in the early stages of adopting ITS and compatibility, and may help to determine while others have yet to initiate the the direction of these changes. ITS regulatory transition towards ITS. A major challenge frameworks facilitate integration of current and to adoption of ITS in the region is the future technologies for efficient ITS development lack of adequate regulatory frameworks. and operation. This report assesses the state of ITS ITS development and operation development and operation in Asia in the Asia-Pacific region and the Pacific and offers policy This study reveals four milestones in ITS recommendations for establishing ITS development in the region – the initiation stage, regulatory frameworks at the national the take-off stage, the acceleration stage and regional levels. and the maturation stage. The timeline of ITS development in the Asia-Pacific region shows two different groups of countries – one where ITS development has proceeded in sequence from stage 1 to stage 4, and another where this is not the case. A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis for ITS development and operation in the region shows that the strengths and opportunities outweigh the many challenges to effective development, operation and integration of ITS technologies in Asia and the Pacific. GUIDELINES FOR THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS OF FRAMEWORKS GUIDELINES FOR THE REGULATORY IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS INTELLIGENT 6 In addition, this report analyses address urgent transport problems and improve the operation of three specific ITS ITS infrastructure in countries that are in applications in eight countries in the the early stages of deploying ITS applications. region – Azerbaijan, China, the Republic The long-term goal is to reduce ITS development of Korea, the Russian Federation, gaps among countries in the region for providing Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey and Viet seamless ITS services across Asia and the Pacific. Nam. The ITS applications reviewed are Advanced Traffic Management Systems Given that the regulations should cover (ATMS), Advanced Traveller Information ITS services currently in use in the region, Systems (ATIS) and Advanced Public prioritizing ITS applications would help to Transport Systems (APTS). identify feasible ITS regulatory frameworks. The Asia-Pacific countries can be categorized The study identifies ITS development into three groups according to the level of opportunities in the Asia-Pacific ITS development, which determines their region, including traffic management ITS priorities in the areas of safety, mobility, centres, smart mobility, cooperative- congestion and environment. ITS and connected vehicles, and autonomous vehicles. The working Policy recommendations of