African Journal of Microbiology Research Volume 10 Number 1, 7 January 2016 ISSN 1996-0808 ABOUT AJMR The African Journal of Microbiology Research (AJMR) (ISSN 1996-0808) is published Weekly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. African Journal of Microbiology Research (AJMR) provides rapid publication (weekly) of articles in all areas of Microbiology such as: Environmental Microbiology, Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, Virology, Bacteriology, Phycology, Mycology and Parasitology, Protozoology, Microbial Ecology, Probiotics and Prebiotics, Molecular Microbiology, Biotechnology, Food Microbiology, Industrial Microbiology, Cell Physiology, Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics, Enzymology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Biomedical Sciences, Botany and Plant Sciences, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Endocrinology, Toxicology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published shortly after acceptance. All articles are peer-reviewed. Contact Us Editorial Office: [email protected] Help Desk: [email protected] Website: http://academicjournals.org/AJMR Submit manuscript online http://ms.academicjournals.me/ Editors Associate Editors Prof. Fukai Bao Dr. Mamadou Gueye Department of Microbiology and Immunology MIRCEN/ Laboratoire commun de microbiologie Kunming Medical University IRD-ISRA-UCAD, BP 1386, Kunming 650031, DAKAR, Senegal. China Dr. Caroline Mary Knox Dr. Jianfeng Wu Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Dept. of Environmental Health Sciences, Biotechnology, School of Public Health, Rhodes University, University of Michigan, Grahamstown 6140 USA South Africa. Dr. Ahmet Yilmaz Coban Dr. Hesham Elsayed Mostafa OMU Medical School, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute (GEBRI) Samsun, Mubarak City for Scientific Research, Turkey Research Area, New Borg El-Arab City, Post Code 21934, Alexandria, Egypt. Dr. Seyed Davar Siadat Pasteur Institute of Iran, Dr. Wael Abbas El-Naggar Pasteur Square, Pasteur Avenue, Head of Microbiology Department, Tehran, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iran. Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt. Dr. J. Stefan Rokem The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Dr. Abdel Nasser A. El-Moghazy Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Genetics Engineering P.O.B. 12272, IL-91120 Jerusalem, and Biotechnology Israel Dept of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Pharmacy Prof. Long-Liu Lin Al-Azhar University National Chiayi University Nasr City, 300 Syuefu Road, Cairo, Egypt Chiayi, Taiwan Dr. Barakat S.M. Mahmoud Food Safety/Microbiology Dr. Thaddeus Ezeji Experimental Seafood Processing Laboratory Assistant Professor Costal Research and Extension Center Fermentation and Biotechnology Unit Mississippi State University Department of Animal Sciences 3411 Frederic Street The Ohio State University Pascagoula, MS 39567 1680 Madison Avenue USA USA. Prof. Mohamed Mahrous Amer Poultry Disease (Viral Diseases of poultry) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Poultry Diseases Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Dr. Xiaohui Zhou Dr. S. Meena Kumari Molecular Microbiology, Industrial Microbiology, Department of Biosciences Environmental Microbiology, Pathogenesis, Faculty of Science Antibiotic resistance, Microbial Ecology, University of Mauritius Washington State University, Reduit Bustad Hall 402 Department of Veterinary, Microbiology and Pathology, Pullman, Dr. T. Ramesh USA Assistant Professor Marine Microbiology Dr. R. Balaji Raja CAS in Marine Biology Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences School of Bioengineering, Annamalai University SRM University, Parangipettai - 608 502 Chennai Cuddalore Dist. Tamilnadu, India India Dr. Aly E Abo-Amer Dr. Pagano Marcela Claudia Division of Microbiology, Botany Department, Faculty Post-doctoral Fellowship at Department of Biology, of Science, Sohag University. Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Egypt. Brazil. Dr. EL-Sayed E. Habib Associate Professor, Editorial Board Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dr. Haoyu Mao Mansoura University, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Egypt. College of Medicine University of Florida Dr. Pongsak Rattanachaikunsopon Florida, Gainesville Department of Biological Science, USA. Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Dr. Rachna Chandra Warin Chamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Environmental Impact Assessment Division Thailand Environmental Sciences Sálim Ali Center for Ornithology and Natural History Dr. Gokul Shankar Sabesan (SACON), Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Anaikatty (PO), Coimbatore-641108, India AIMST University Jalan Bedong, Semeling 08100, Dr. Yongxu Sun Kedah, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Malaysia Biomacromolecules Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006 Dr. Kwang Young Song Heilongjiang Province Department of Biological Engineering, P.R. China School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yanbian Universityof Science and Technology, Dr. Ramesh Chand Kasana Yanji, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology China. Palampur, Distt. Kangra (HP), India Dr. Kamel Belhamel Dr. Chen Ding Faculty of Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, University of Bejaia Hunan University, Algeria China Dr. Sladjana Jevremovic Dr Svetlana Nikolić Institute for Biological Research Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Sinisa Stankovic, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Serbia Dr. Sivakumar Swaminathan Dr. Tamer Edirne Department of Agronomy, Dept. of Family Medicine, Univ. of Pamukkale College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Turkey Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 Dr. R. Balaji Raja M.Tech (Ph.D) USA Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Alfredo J. Anceno School of Bioengineering, School of Environment, Resources and Development SRM University, (SERD), Chennai. Asian Institute of Technology, India Thailand Dr. Minglei Wang Dr. Iqbal Ahmad University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Aligarh Muslim University, Aligrah Dr. Mohd Fuat ABD Razak India Institute for Medical Research Malaysia Dr. Josephine Nketsia-Tabiri Ghana Atomic Energy Commission Dr. Davide Pacifico Ghana Istituto di Virologia Vegetale – CNR Italy Dr. Juliane Elisa Welke UFRGS – Universidade Federal do Rio Prof. Dr. Akrum Hamdy Grande do Sul Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Egypt Brazil Egypt Dr. Mohammad Nazrul Islam Dr. Ntobeko A. B. Ntusi NIMR; IPH-Bangalore & NIUM Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Bangladesh University of Cape Town and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dr. Okonko, Iheanyi Omezuruike University of Oxford Department of Virology, South Africa and Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, United Kingdom College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Prof. N. S. Alzoreky University College Hospital, Food Science & Nutrition Department, Ibadan, College of Agricultural Sciences & Food, Nigeria King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia Dr. Giuliana Noratto Dr. Paul Shapshak Texas A&M University USF Health, USA Depts. Medicine (Div. Infect. Disease & Internat Med) and Psychiatry & Beh Med. Dr. Phanikanth Venkata Turlapati USA Washington State University USA Dr. Jorge Reinheimer Universidad Nacional del Litoral (Santa Fe) Dr. Khaleel I. Z. Jawasreh Argentina National Centre for Agricultural Research and Extension, NCARE Dr. Qin Liu Jordan East China University of Science and Technology, China Dr. Babak Mostafazadeh, MD Shaheed Beheshty University of Medical Sciences Dr. Xiao-Qing Hu Iran State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Dr. S. Meena Kumari P. R. China Department of Biosciences Faculty of Science Prof. Branislava Kocic University of Mauritius Specaialist of Microbiology and Parasitology Reduit University of Nis, School of Medicine Institute Mauritius for Public Health Nis, Bul. Z. Djindjica 50, 18000 Nis Serbia Dr. S. Anju Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Rafel Socias SRM University, Chennai-603203 CITA de Aragón, India Spain Dr. Mustafa Maroufpor Prof. Kamal I. Mohamed Iran State University of New York at Oswego USA Prof. Dong Zhichun Professor, Department of Animal Sciences and Dr. Adriano Cruz Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Food Engineering-FEA Yunnan Agriculture University, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) China Brazil Dr. Mehdi Azami Dr. Mike Agenbag (Michael Hermanus Albertus) Parasitology & Mycology Dept, Manager Municipal Health Services, Baghaeei Lab., Joe Gqabi District Municipality Shams Abadi St. South Africa Isfahan Iran Dr. D. V. L. Sarada Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Anderson de Souza Sant’Ana SRM University, Chennai-603203 University of São Paulo. India. Brazil. Dr. Samuel K Ameyaw Dr. Juliane Elisa Welke Civista Medical Center UFRGS – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul United States of America Brazil Prof. Huaizhi Wang Dr. Chanpen Chanchao Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Department of Biology, Surgery of PLA Southwest Hospital, Faculty of Science, Third Military Medical University Chulalongkorn University Chongqing400038 Thailand P. R. China Dr. Tsuyoshi Kasama Prof. Bakhiet AO Division of Rheumatology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan Showa University University of Science and Technology Japan Sudan Dr. Kuender D. Yang, MD. Dr. Saba F. Hussain Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Community, Orthodontics and Peadiatric Dentistry Taiwan Department Faculty of Dentistry Dr. Liane Raluca Stan Universiti Teknologi MARA University Politehnica