Faces of Poverty in the City of Valenzuela POPULATION The CBMS census in the City of V alenzuela cover ed 87,772 households with a total population of 349,892 The CBMS census in 2012 revealed that the city had a total population of 349,892 in 87,772 households, covering all 33 barangays. Average household size was four. Gen T. de Leon is the largest barangay with a total population of 57,617 in 14,545 households. The least populated was Barangay Poblacion with a total population of 313 covering 81 households. HEALTH AND NUTRITION About 0.4 percent of the children under 5 years old had died Among the children aged under 5 years, about 0.4 percent had died during the reference period. This corresponds to 2 in every 500 children aged 04 years old who died. Among the barangays, Arkong Bato registered the highest proportion of child deaths with 12 cases (1.7%). In terms of number, Gen. T. de Leon ranked first with 25 cases (0.4%) of child death within this age oup.gr No child death was reported in six barangays, namely, Lawang Bato, Coloong, Palasan, Mabolo, Pulo, and Poblacion. Ten women died due to pr egnancy-related causes during the r eference period CBMS results revealed that 10 women (0.1%) died due to pregnancy-related causes. Canumay West and Mapulang Lupa each registered two cases of death at 1 percent and 0.6 percent, respectively. Of the 33 barangays in the city, 25 had no reported deaths due to pregnancy-related causes. About 2.6 percent among children 05 years old were malnourished A total of 1,110 malnourished children comprising 2.6 percent of the children 05 years old were moderately and severely under weight. Among the barangays, Paso de Blas r ecorded the highest number and pr oportion of malnourished children with 169 children (18.9%). On the other hand, Pasolo and Poblacion had no recorded malnourished children. HOUSING Among all households in the city , about 2.9 per cent wer e living in makeshift housing while at least 3.9 percent of the households were informal settlers Based on CBMS data, 2,517 households (2.9%) in the city were living in makeshift housing. Among all barangays, Rincon exhibited the highest proportion of households (21.9% or 184 households) living in makeshift housing. Gen. T. de Leon, however, had the most number of households living in makeshift housing (364 households or 2.5%). About 3.9 percent or 3,417 households were considered informal settlers. This means that at least 1 in every 25 households were informal settlers. Malinta recorded the highest number and proportion of informal settlers with 627 households at 8.9 percent. WATER AND SANIT ATION About 5.3 percent of the households in the city had no access to safe water supply while less than 1 per cent had no access to sanitar y toilet facilities Of the total households, 5.3 percent were reported to have no access to safe water supply. This means that at least 1 in ever y 20 households had no access to potable water. Among the barangays in the city, the highest number and proportion was recorded in Punturin at 32.8 percent, with a total of 900 households. This translates The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 5) 188 to nearly one in every three households in the barangay having no access to safe water supply. On the other hand, no barangay in the city was considered waterless.1 In fact, in one barangay, Mabolo, 100 percent of the households had access to safe water. About 0.6 percent (555 households) lacked access to sanitary toilet facilities. Barangay Mapulang Lupa topped the list of barangays with a high magnitude and proportion of households having no access to sanitary toilet facility (4.4% or 169 households). BASIC EDUCATION About 6.9 percent of children aged 615 years old were not attending school CBMS data on education revealed that about 6.9 percent or 4,757 of children aged 615 years were not attending school. Of children aged 611 years, 14.8 percent (or 6,171) were not attending elementary school. In addition, among those aged 1215 years, 32.3 percent were not attending high school. Data evealedr that Gen. T. de Leon, with 821 out-of-school youth or 7.3 percent, topped the list of barangays with the most number of children 615 years old not attending school. On the other hand, Veinte Reales, with 234 out-of-school youth, had the highest proportion at 10.4 percent. INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD Of the households in the city , 22.4 per cent wer e living below the pover ty thr eshold A total of 19,670 households in the city (or 22.4%) were income poor during the reference period. This translates to at least 2 in every 10 households having no sufficient income to satisfy their basic food and nonfood needs. Income poverty rate was highest in Pariancillo Villa at 34.4 percent or 73 income-poor households. However, Gen. T. de Leon recorded the highest magnitude with 3,263 households at 22.4 percent. About 13.4 per cent of the households did not have suf ficient income to satisfy their basic food needs CBMS results showed 11,718 households were living below the food threshold, comprising 13.4 percent of the households in the city. However, barangay-level data exhibited a higher subsistence incidence. In particular, in Bignay, at least one in every five households was living below the food threshold. Gen T. de Leon had the highest number of households that did not have sufficient income to satisfy basic food needs with 1,910 households at 13.1 percent. About 1.6 per cent of the households in the city experienced hunger due to food shor tage Results from the CBMS census show that 1.6 percent of the households in the city had experienced hunger in the last 3 months before the survey. This means a total of 1,423 households that experienced hunger due to food shortage. Barangay Gen. T. de Leon had the most number of households that experienced hunger due to food shortage, with 225 households at 1.5 percent. On the other hand, Barangay Bignay had the highest proportion of households reported to experience hunger due to food shortage (4.4% or 157 households). The city recorded an unemployment rate of 12.8 percent The CBMS census revealed that 16,742 of the members of the labor force were unemployed, translating to 12.8 percent unemployment rate. This means that at least one in every eight members of the labor force did not work during the reference period. Barangay-level data exhibited an even higher unemployment rate with Bisig topping the list at 21.2 percent or 82 unemployed members. Gen. T. de Leon had the most number of unemployed members of the labor force (13.3.% or 2,757 members). PEACE AND ORDER Of the total population, 0.4 percent were victims of crime 1 Waterless barangays refer to villages with less than 50 percent (safe) water supply coverage. The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 5) 189 About 0.4 percent of the total population (1,284 persons) were victims of crime. The highest ecorr ded proportion of crime victims was at Lingunan at 0.9 percent. The most number of crime victims was recorded in Gen. T. de Leon with 240 victims or 0.4 percent. CBMS COMPOSITE INDICA TOR AND MUL TIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY Most households have all the 13 basic needs 2 on the average The average CBMS composite indicator (CCI) of the city was 0.7. On the average, households in the city were able to meet the 13 basic needs during the period. However, among the barangays, the highest index was eporr ted in Bignay and Veinte Reales, both at 2.0. This means that, on the average, households in these barangays were not able to meet at least two of the basic needs. About 8.5 per cent of the households in the city suf fered fr om multiple deprivations 3 About two in every three households in the city were not poor in any of the dimensions. However, based on the results, 28.8 percent of the households were deprived in one dimension and 8.5 percent of the households experienced deprivation in at least two dimensions. Particularly, about 7.1 percent were deprived in two dimensions and 1.4 percent were simultaneously deprived in at least three dimensions. In addition, one household experienced deprivations in seven dimensions at the same time. CBMS data further showed that a significant number of households were deprived in income and job (2,337) as well as in income and education (1,010). Several households (226) were also deprived in three dimensions particularly in income, education, and job. Also, 21 households wer e reported to be income poor, water poor, education poor, and job poor at the same time. 2 This refers to household basic needs as reflected in the 13 CBMS core indicators that cover the following: (1) children 0-4 years old who died; (2) women who died due to pregnancy-related causes; (3) malnourished children 0-5 years old; (4) households living in makeshift housing; (5) households who are informal settlers; (6) households without access to safe water supply; (7) households without access to sanitary toilet facilities; (8) children 615 years old not in school; (9) households with income below the pover ty threshold; (10) households with income below the food thr eshold; (11) households that experienced hunger due to food shor tage; (12) unemployment; and (13) victims of crime.