Assessing economic impacts of the specific control measures for priority substances and priority hazardous substances regulated under Article 16 of the Water Framework Directive European Commission DG ENV 03/07767/DL July, 2005 ECOLAS Content 03/07767/DL - Assessing economic impacts of the specific control measures for priority substances and priority hazardous substances regulated under Article 16 of the Water Framework Directive CONTENT CONTENT.................................................................................................................................... I LIST OF ABBREVIATION S ..........................................................................................................V LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... VII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... I 1 OBJECTIVE ........................................................................................................................1 2 POLICY OPTIONS..............................................................................................................3 2.1 “No action” scenario ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 3 2.2 Scenario 1 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 3 2.3 Scenario 2 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 4 2.4 Overview ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 4 3 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................7 3.1 Economic assessment framework ................................ ................................ .......................... 7 3.2 the major steps ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 7 3.2.1 Data collection and analysis ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 7 3.2.2 Design of questionnaires and evaluation of answers ................................ ............................... 8 3.2.3 Case study approach ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 8 3.2.4 Case study prioritisation and selection ................................ ................................ ................... 9 3.2.5 Ov erview of emissions ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 9 3.2.6 Identification of potential measures ................................ ................................ ....................... 9 3.2.7 Assessment of Direct Costs ................................ ................................ ................................ .10 3.2.8 Economic Evaluation ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 10 3.2. 9 Data gaps and uncertainties ................................ ................................ ................................ 11 4 RESULTS OF QUESTIONN AIRES .....................................................................................15 4.1 Questionnaires to EU -25 Member States ................................ ................................ .............. 15 4.1.1 Response rate ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 15 4.1. 2 Overview of the information provided ................................ ................................ .................. 19 4.1.3 Data gaps ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 26 4.2 Questionnaires to industry sectors ................................ ................................ ....................... 26 4.2.1 Response rate ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 27 4.2.2 Data gaps ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 29 5 PRIORITISATION AND S ELECTION OF CASES ................................................................31 5.1 Expected economic impact on the Substance level ................................ ................................ 31 5.2 Significance of the type of sources ................................ ................................ ....................... 34 5.3 Number of relevant pollutants in the industry sector ................................ ............................. 35 5.4 Data availability ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 37 5.5 Selection of cases ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 37 6 CASES ..............................................................................................................................45 6.1 Chlorine production ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 45 6.1.1 Scenarios ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 45 i ECOLAS Content 03/07767/DL - Assessing economic impacts of the specific control measures for priority substances and priority hazardous substances regulated under Article 16 of the Water Framework Directive 6.1.2 Economic Assessment ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 45 6.1.3 Summary ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 48 6.2 Iron & Steel ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 49 6.2.1 Scenarios ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 49 6.2.2 Economic assessment ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 50 6.2.3 Summary ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 52 6.3 Non -ferrous metals................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 53 6.3.1 Scenarios ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 53 6.3.2 Economic assessment ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 53 6.3.3 Summary ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 57 6.4 PVC conversion ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 58 6.4.1 Scenarios ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 58 6.4.2 Economic assessment ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 58 6.4.3 Summary ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 60 6.5 Refineries ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 61 6.5.1 Scenarios ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 61 6.5.2 Economic assessment ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 61 6.5.3 Summary ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 63 6.6 Short chain chlorinated paraffins (C 10 -C13 -chloroalkanes)................................ ....................... 64 6.6.1 Scenarios ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 64 6.6.2 Economic assessment ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 64 6.6.3 Summary ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 67 6.7 Production & formulation pesticides ................................ ................................ ..................... 68 6.7.1 Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... 68 6.7.2 Literature review and analysis ................................ ................................ ............................. 68 6.7.3 Transfer ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 69